Topic 2- Internal Factors Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is labelling?
To attach meaning or definition to an individual e.g a teacher may label a pupil as bright or thick
What influenced a teachers judgements of labelling pupils?
Pupils’ work, appearance and conduct.
Who was seen as the ideal pupil?
Pupils from middle class backgrounds, whereas working class pupils were the furthest away from ideal.
In a study by RIST he found that teachers placed pupils into groups based on their home background and appearance. What were these groups?
The tigers- fast learners, mostly middle class and clean appearance and were seated nearest to the teacher
Clowns and cardinals- mostly working class, given low level books and fewer opportunities to show their ability
What is self fulfilling prophecy?
A prediction that comes true simply because it has been made. This can be because of labelling pupils
What is the process of sfp?
- Teacher labels the pupil
- Teacher treats the pupil accordingly as if the prediction was already true
- The pupil internalises the expectation which becomes part of their self concept.
What is the study from Rosenthal and Jacobsen (1968)?
They found that the teachers beliefs about the pupils had a significant impact on their achievement due to the pupils internalising the beliefs made.
What is streaming? (Becker)
Streaming involves putting children into ability groups or classes called ‘streams’. Each class is then taught separately. SFP can occur due to this.
What did Becker find teachers are likely to put pupils into streams for?
Teachers are likely to put pupils in lower streams if they are working class and not the ideal pupil and have low expectations.
What is the Streaming and A-C economy by Gillborn and Youdell (2001)
Teachers are less likely to see working class and black pupils as having ability and as a result they are more likely to be placed in lower streams and entered for lower level GCSEs. This creates an A-C economy in schools because they focus their time and effort on those capable of getting C’s and above in a bid to boost league tables.
What are pupil subcultures?
A group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns. These groups often form after pupils are labelled and streamed.
What is Differentiation? (Lacey)
The process in which teachers categorise pupils according to perceived ability or attitude. Streaming is a form of differentiation
What is polarisation? (Lacey)
The process in which pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite poles, Anti School or Pro School subcultures.
What is a pro school subculture?
Pupils in high streams, largely middle class, tend to remain committed to the values of the school. They gain their status from approved channels - academic success.
What is an anti school subculture?
Those in lower streams, typically working class, suffer a loss of self esteem by being viewed s being inferior. As they can not gain status from the approved channels they gain status in other ways such as: breaking the rules, not doing homework, being rude to teachers, smoking etc.
AO3: What did Ball find about abolishing streaming?
Ball found that even though abolishing streaming led to the decrease in polarisation, teachers were still labelling the middle class as ideal, so class inequalities still remain present.
