Topic 1 - Key Concepts in Chemistry Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is an Anion?
A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains at least one electron.
What is an Atom?
The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.
What is an Atomic nucleus?
A positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.
What is Atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
What is Avogadro’s constant?
The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance.
What is a Cation?
A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses at least one electron.
What is a Compound?
A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.
What is Concentration?
The amount of substance (e.g. the mass) in a certain volume of a solution.
What is a Conductor?
A material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy.
What is the Conservation of mass?
A law which states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.
What is a Covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.
What is the Dalton model?
Dalton described atoms as solid spheres, stating that different spheres made up the different elements.
What is Diamond?
A giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.
What is an Electron?
Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass (negligible).
What is an Electron shell?
Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons.
What are Electrostatic forces?
The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is an Element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
What is an Empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
What are Fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms, may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.
Examples include graphene and C60.
What is a Giant covalent molecule?
Molecules containing many atoms covalently bonded together.
What is Graphene?
A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronics and composites.
What is Graphite?
A giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms each of which form three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between them.
What is a Group in the periodic table?
A column of the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
What are Intermolecular forces?
The forces which exist between molecules, impacting physical properties like boiling/melting point.
