Topic 1- Neuroanatomy Review

Question 1

What does CNS consist of?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What does PNS consist of?

Answer 2

Peripheral Nerves and ganglia (exist outside the spinal coloumn)

Question 3

Afferent

Answer 3

fibers carrying info into the CNS (arrive) ​

Question 4

Efferent

Answer 4

fibers carrying info away from the CNS back out to muscles or the periphery (exit) ​

Question 5

What are dorsal and ventral roots?

Answer 5

nerve fibers coming from the back and heading out the ventral or front side ​

Question 6

Two main types of gilal cells

Answer 6

Macroglia – large glial cells
Microglia – small glial cells

Question 7

What is the primary role of microglia?

Answer 7

Microglia serve as scavenger cells that ingest foreign cells (e.g., bacteria) and old or injured cells within the CNS.
- increase in number after injury or disease

Question 8

3 types of macroglia cells

Answer 8

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

Question 9

Astrocyte Function and Location:

Answer 9

Function: Maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling.
Location: CNS

Question 10

What are some specific tasks performed by astrocytes? (3)

Answer 10

1)Astrocytes take up excess potassium ions (K+), remove 2) metabolize chemical neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft, 3) participate in the removal of debris.

Question 11

The nervous system is made up of two main categories of cells:

Answer 11

1) Neurons (nerve cells)
2) Glia (supporting cells)

Question 12

Sensory Neurons

Answer 12

They send sensory information to your brain.

Question 13

Interneuron