TOPIC 10

Question 1

• can cause fluid loss through
  urination, thus decreasing blood volume
  and lowering blood pressure.

-Before giving monitor bp & hr

Answer 1

DIURETICS

Question 2

1. Corticosteroids
2. oral contraceptives
3. estrogen
4. erythropoiesis
5. sibutramine

Answer 2

DRUDS ASS W/ HTN

Question 3

1. Cushing syndrome
2. hyperthyroidism
3. chronic renal impairment
4. pheochromocytoma
5. arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

Diseases associated with elevated BP

Question 4

• First line drugs for hypertension because the produce few adverse effects and are very effective at controlling mild to moderate hypertension

Answer 4

Diuretics

Question 5

• Widely used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure

Answer 5

Diuretics

Question 6

most commonly used diuretic

Answer 6

Furosemide lasix

Question 7

• Has been the mainstay for the pharmacotherapy of hypertension for a decade

Answer 7

Thiazide & like drugs

Question 8

• Most prescribed diuretics for hypertension.
• Produces few adverse effects and is effective at producing a 10-20 mm Hg reduction in blood pressure

Answer 8

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE (hydroDIURIL)

Question 9

• Are inexpensive and most are available in generic formulations
• Safe drugs, with urinary potassium loss being the primary adverse effects hence monito K level

Answer 9

Thiazide

Question 10

• Beneficial when clients are at risk of developing hypokalemia owing to their medical condition or to the used of thiazide or loop diuretics
• Produce only a modest diuresis

Answer 10

Potassium Sparring Diuretics

Question 11

• Cause more diuresis and thus greater reduction in blood pressure, than the thiazide or potassium sparing diuretics
• Are not ideal agents for HTN maintenance therapy.
• Often reserved for more serious cases of hypertension

Answer 11

Loop diuretics

Question 12

most commonly used k sparring diuretic

Answer 12

spironolactone (aldactone)

Question 13

widespread use loop diuretics; prototype for heart failure

Answer 13

Furosemide (lasix)

Question 14

used to treat angina pectoris, dysrythmias, and HTN

Answer 14

CCB

Question 15

first approved in the treatment of ANGINA in 1980

Answer 15

CCB

Question 16

• not used as monotherapy for htn
• promotes vasodilation

Answer 16

CBB

Question 17

for mild to moderate HTN: CCB

Answer 17

AMLODIPINE (Norvasc)

Question 18

stage 1 and 2, HTN, and ANGINA : CCB

Answer 18

FELODIPINE (plendil)

Question 19

for essential HTN: CCB

Answer 19

NICARDIPINE ( cardene)

Question 20

Are selective for calcium channels in arterioles

Answer 20

Nifedipine (Procardia)

Question 21

Generally prescribed for HTN and variant or vasospastic angina

Answer 21

Nifedipine (Procardia)

Question 22

Acts by selectively blocking calcium channel in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle

Answer 22

Nifedipine (Procardia)

Question 23

Affect channels in both arterioles and the myocardium

Answer 23

Verapamil (Calan)

Question 24

• For HTN, and angina pectoris
• Is featured as a prototype antidysrhythmic

Answer 24

Verapamil (Calan)

Question 25

For antianginal

Answer 25

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Question 26

Flushed skin headache dizziness Peripheral edema, edema lightheadedness Nausea and diarrhea

Answer 26

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CCB FOR HTN

Question 27

Hepatotoxicity MI Confusion Mood changes

Answer 27

SERIOUS ADVERSE EFFECT OF CCB

Question 28

Heart rate increases owing to the rapid fall in blood pressure created by the drug CCBs

Answer 28

REFLEX TACHYCARDIA

Question 29

CCB contraindication

Answer 29

1. Sinus sick syndrome 2. 3rd degree AV block w/o pace maker

Question 30

key homeostatic mechanism controlling blood pressure and fluid balance

Answer 30

Renin angiotensin system

Question 31

Is approved to treat hypertension since 1980

Answer 31

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Question 32

- Key agents in the treatment of HTN - block the effects of angiotensin Il, decreasing the blood pressure through two mechanisms: 1. lowering peripheral resistance 2. decreasing blood volume.

Answer 32

ACE inhibitors

Question 33

Have become primary drugs for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction.

Answer 33

ACE inhibitors

Question 34

Persistent cough and postural HTN Hyperkalemia- major concern for diabetics Headache orthostatic hypotension rash

Answer 34

SIDE EFFECTS OF ACE INHIBITORS

Question 35

1. Development of angioedema- most often develop within hours or days after beginning ACE inhibitor therapy. 2. Renal failure *Angioedema & renal failure - first phenomenon

Answer 35

SERIOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ACE INHIBITORS

Question 36

life-threatening effect of ACE inhibitors

Answer 36

angioedema and can cause asphyxia

Question 37

1. paroxysm of dry cough 2. stridor

Answer 37

symptoms of angioedema:

Question 38

ACE is contraindicated

Answer 38

pregnancy