Week 2 - Topics 6-9 Flashcards by Althea Caryll Lebeco

Also known as the “Visceral System”

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acts on the smooth muscle and glands. It also regulates the heart, respiratory system, GI tract, bladder, eyes and glands

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The 2 sets of neurons in the ANS

Afferent neurons
Efferent neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This neuron sends impulses to the CNS where they are interpreted

Afferent neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This neuron receives the impulses from the brain and transmits those impulses through the spinal cord to the effector organ cells

Efferent neurons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Also called the “Adrenergic system”

Sympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Also known as the “Cholinergic System”

Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 are considered as:

a. Parasympathetic Nervous System
b. Adrenergic receptor organ cells
c. Adrecholinergic receptor organ cells

b. Adrenergic receptor organ cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It dilates the pupils

a. SNS
b. PNS

a. SNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It constricts the bronchioles

A. PNS
B. NSS
C. SNS

C. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It dilates the bronchioles

A. PNS
B. SNS

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It constricts the pupils

A. PNS
B. SNS

A. PNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relaxes smooth muscles in the GI tract

A. PNS
B. SNS

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It contracts smooth muscles of the stomach, intestine, and the bladder

A. PNS
B. SNS

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Constricts blood vessels and increases heart rate

A. PNS
B. SNS

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dilates the blood vessels and decreases heart rate

A. PNS
B. SNS

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Increases peristalsis

A. PNS
B. SNS

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Constricts the bladder and increases salivation

A. PNS
B. SNS

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relaxes both the bladder and uterine muscles

A. PNS
B. SNS

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acts on the receptor cells

Adrenergics or Sympathomimetics or Adrenergic Agonists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

Adrenergics or Sympathomimetics or Adrenergic Agonists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is the SNS neurotransmitter

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor

Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor?

Increases force of heart contraction
Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure
Mydriasis occurs
Decreases salivation
Increases urinary relaxation and urinary sphincter contraction

A. Alpha 2 Receptor
B. Alpha 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

B. Alpha 1 Receptor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor

Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor?

Inhibits the release of norepinephrine
Dilates blood vessels
Produce hypotension
Decrease gastrointestinal motility and tone

A. Alpha 2 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A. Alpha 2 Receptor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor? Increases heart rate and force of contraction Increases renin secretion Increases blood pressure A. Alpha 2 Receptor B. Beta 1 Receptor C. Beta 2 Receptor

B. Beta 1 Receptor

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor? Dilates the bronchioles Promotes gastrointestinal and uterine relaxation Promotes glyogenolysis Increase blood flow in the skeletal muscles A. Alpha 2 Receptor B. Beta 1 Receptor C. Beta 2 Receptor

C. Beta 2 Receptor

The 3 Classifications of Sympathomimetics

1. Direct Acting 2. Indirect Acting 3. Mixed

Topic: Classifications of Sympathomimetics Q: It stimulates adrenergic receptors A. Direct Acting B. Indirect Acting C. Mixed

A. Direct Acting

Examples of Direct Acting

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Topic: Classifications of Sympathomimetics Q: It stimulates the release of norepinephrine from the terminal nerve endings A. Direct Acting B. Indirect Acting C. Mixed

B. Indirect Acting

Examples of Indirect Acting

Amphetamine

Example of Mixed Classification of Sympathomimetics

Ephedrine

It is nonselective and acts on Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2 adrenergic sites

Epinephrine

1. Maybe administered SQ, IV, topically, or inhalation, intracardiac 2. Metabolized in the liver 3. Excreted in the urine

Pharmacokinetics of Epinephrine

1. Used to treat anaphylaxis 2. Inotropic 3. Increases cardiac output 4. Increases systolic BP, heart rate, bronchodilation 5. High doses may result to cardiac dysrhythmias 6. Onset and peak are rapid

Pharmacodynamics of Epinephrine

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs Q: It is used for shock - IV A. Dopamine (Intropin) B. Norepinephrine (Levophed) C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs Q: It is used to correct hypotension - IV A. Dopamine (Intropin) B. Norepinephrine (Levophed) C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

A. Dopamine (Intropin)

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs Q: Instillation, nasal decongestant A. Phenylephrine B. Norepinephrine (Levophed) C. Terbutaline sulfate

A. Phenylephrine

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs Q: Nasal decongestant, PO A. Phenylpropanolamine B. Norepinephrine (Levophed) C. Terbutaline sulfate

A. Phenylpropanolamine

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs Q: To relieve bronchospasm A. Dopamine (Intropin) B. Norepinephrine (Levophed) C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs Q: What is the two routes used for Terbutaline sulfate A. IM, IV B. IV, ID C. PO, IV D. Ibang lesson yung tanong

C. PO, IV

1) Record client's vital signs 2) Check urinary output and assess bladder distention 3) Offer food when giving the drug 4) Evaluate blood glucose level

Nursing Responsibilities: Adrenergics/Antagonists

1) Instruct client to read the label of OTC meds 2) Advise nursing mothers not to take these drugs 3) Explain rebound congestion 4) Encourage to report side effects

Client Teaching: Adrenergics/Antagonists

Also called as "Antagonists" or "Sympatholytics"

Adrenergic Blockers

It blocks the effects of adrenergic neurotransmitters

Adrenergic Blockers

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors Q: The following effects of adrenergic blockers belongs to what specific receptor? Decreases heart rate Reduces force of contraction A. Alpha 1 Receptor B. Beta 1 Receptor C. Beta 2 Receptor

B. Beta 1 Receptor

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors Q: The following effects of adrenergic blockers belongs to what specific receptor? Constricts bronchioles Contracts uterus inhibits glycogenolysis A. Alpha 1 Receptor B. Beta 1 Receptor C. Beta 2 Receptor

C. Beta 2 Receptor

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors Q: The following effects of adrenergic blockers belongs to what specific receptor? Vasodilation Decrease BP Miosis suppresses ejaculation Reduces contraction of smooth muscles in the bladder and prostate gland A. Alpha 1 Receptor B. Beta 1 Receptor C. Beta 2 Receptor

A. Alpha 1 Receptor

Topic: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Q: It blocks alpha 1 A. Non-selective Alpha Blockers B. Selective Alpha Blockers

B. Selective Alpha Blockers

Topic: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Q: It blocks Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 A. Non-selective Alpha Blockers B. Selective Alpha Blockers

A. Non-selective Alpha Blockers

Topic: Selective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Q: Used for Hypotension - PO A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine) B. Terazosin (Hytrin) C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

B. Terazosin (Hytrin)

Topic: Selective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Q: Used for peripheral vascular disorder and hypertensive emergency A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine) B. Terazosin (Hytrin) C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine)

Topic: Selective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Q: Used for mild to moderate hypertension A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine) B. Terazosin (Hytrin) C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

Metropolol Tartrate

1. PO, IV 2. Hypertension 3. Angina 4. Myocardial Infarction 5. Bradycardia 6. Dizziness

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Betaxolol (Kerlone)

PO, Hypertension, Glaucoma

1. Obtain VS and ECG 2. Assess whether with respiratory problems 3. Record and I and O 4. Note other drugs that the client is taking

Nursing Responsibilities: Adrenergic Blockers/Antagonists

1. Advise client not to abruptly stop a beta blocker 2. Instruct to comply with the drug regimen 3. Monitor blood sugar level if in insulin therapy 4. Teach how to monitor pulse and blood pressure 5. Drugs may cause decrease libido 6. Mood changes 7. Slowly rise from bed

Client Education: Adrenergic Blockers/Antagonists

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective PO, Hypertension, Angina pectoris A. Propanolol (Inderal) B. Penbutolol (Levatol) C. Nadolol (Corgard) D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

C. Nadolol (Corgard)

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective PO, mild to moderate hypertension A. Propanolol (Inderal) B. Penbutolol (Levatol) C. Nadolol (Corgard) D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

B. Penbutolol (Levatol)

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective PO, Angina pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, hypertension, dysrhythmias A. Propanolol (Inderal) B. Penbutolol (Levatol) C. Nadolol (Corgard) D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

A. Propanolol (Inderal)

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective PO and Hypertension A. Propanolol (Inderal) B. Penbutolol (Levatol) C. Nadolol (Corgard) D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

Mimics PNS acetycholine

Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics

Two Types of Receptors

1. Muscarinic 2. Nicotinic

It stimulates smooth muscles and slows the heart rate

Muscarinic

It affects skeletal muscles

Nicotinic

1. Well absorbed in the GI tract 2. Crosses blood brain barrier and placenta 3. Metabolized in the liver 4. Half-life of 3-6hrs

Pharmacokinetics of Propanolol

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs It decreases heart rate and lowers blood pressure

Cardiovascular

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs Increases tone, motility, and peristalsis

Gastrointestinal or GI

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs Miosis

Ocular

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs Increases salivation

Glandular

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs Bronchial contraction and increased secretion

Bronchial

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs Maintains muscle strength and tone

Striated muscle

Acts on the receptor site to stimulate response

Direct Acting Cholinergic

Used for primarily to increase urination

Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)

Increases gastric emptying

Metoclopramide HCL (Reglan)

Also known as the "Cholinesterase inhibitor" or "Acetylcholinesterase" or "Anti-cholinesterase"

Indirect Acting Cholinergic

Does not act on the receptors and it inhibits or inactivate cholinesterase

Indirect Acting Cholinergic

Topic: Indirect Acting Cholinergic Q: Drug example that is used to increase muscle tone for clients with myasthenia gravis

Edrophonium Cl or Tensilon

1) Monitor VS Record I/O 2) Administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after meal 3) Check AST 4) Check for side effects 5) Auscultate for breath sounds 6) Have the antidote ready 7) Excessive perspiration may occur 8) Beware of cholinergic crisis

Nursing Responsibilities: Cholinergics and Anti-Cholinergics

It inhibits the action of acetylcholine by occupying the acetylcholine receptors

Anticholinergics or Parasympatholytics or Cholinergic Blocking Agents

Sympathetic nervous system dominates and has an opposite effects of cholinergic drugs

Anticholinergics or Parasympatholytics or Cholinergic Blocking Agents

Derived from Belladonna plant

Atropine sulfate

Act on the muscarinic receptor, little on nicotinic receptor

Atropine sulfate

Pre-operative medication to decrease salivary secretions

Atropine sulfate

Antispasmodic to treat PUD and it increases heart rate in case of bradycardia

Atropine sulfate

1. Well absorbed orally and parenterally 2. Crosses blood brain barrier 3. Short half-life

Pharmacokinetics of Anticholinergics

1) Nausea 2) Headache 3) Dry skin 4) Abdominal distention 5) Impotence 6) Photophobia 7) Coma

Side Effects of Atropine sulfate

1) Monitor VS Determine I & O 2) Record bowel sound 3) Raise side rails 4) Provide mouth care 5) Advise client to avoid hot environment 6) Instruct not to drive a motor vehicle

Nursing Interventions: Atropine sulfate

1) Monitor VS Determine I & O 2) Record bowel sound 3) Raise side rails 4) Provide mouth care 5) Advise client to avoid hot environment 6) Instruct not to drive a motor vehicle

Nursing Interventions: Atropine sulfate

Week 2 - Topics 6-9 Flashcards

(90 cards)