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GCSE Combined Physics (Edexcel) > Topic 12 & 13 - The Particle Model and Forces and Matter 12 COMPLETE PK > Flashcards

Topic 12 & 13 - The Particle Model and Forces and Matter 12 COMPLETE PK Flashcards

1
Q

1 Name the three states of matter.

A

solid, liquid, gas

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2
Q

2 Which of the three states of matter can be compressed?

A

gases

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3
Q

3 Why can gases be compressed?

A

particles are far apart

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4
Q

4 Which of the three states have a fixed volume?

A

solids and liquids

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5
Q

5 Why do solids and liquids have a fixed volume?

A

particles are held together by bonds

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6
Q

6 Why do solids keep their shape?

A

Bonds between particles are very strong

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7
Q

7 Name a physical change.

A

any change of state named, such as melting, freezing

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8
Q

8 What does the density of a substance tell you?

A

the mass for a certain volume

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9
Q

9 What two quantities do you need to know to calculate density?

A

mass and volume

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10
Q

10 What are the units for these two quantities?

A

kg and m3; accept g and cm3

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11
Q

11 What are the units for density?

A

kg/m3 or g/cm3

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12
Q

12 What is the equation for calculating density?

A

density = mass/volume

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13
Q

13 What usually happens to the density of a substance when it melts?

A

decreases

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14
Q

14 Why does this happen?

A

particles are closer together in a solid than in a liquid

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15
Q

15 What happens to the mass of a substance when it melts?

A

stays the same

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16
Q

16 Is evaporating a physical or a chemical change?

A

physical

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17
Q

17 Why is evaporation a physical change?

A

no new substance is made

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18
Q

18 How is thermal energy stored in a substance?

A

movement of the particles

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19
Q

19 What does temperature tell you about the particles in a substance?

A

how fast they are moving/vibrating

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20
Q

20 What factors affect the amount of thermal energy stored in a substance?

A

mass, temperature, material

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21
Q

21 What property of a substance tells you about the movement of its particles?

A

temperature

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22
Q

22 How can you reduce the amount of thermal energy transferred between an object and its surroundings?

A

use insulation

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23
Q

23 Name two insulating materials.

A

wool, foam, bubble wrap, or any other sensible suggestions

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24
Q

24 Why does a kettle full of water store more energy than a cupful of water at the same temperature?

A

greater mass of water

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25
25 Give two other quantities that affect the amount of thermal energy stored in an object.
temperature and material
26
26 What does specific heat capacity mean?
energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1C
27
27 What happens to the temperature of a substance being heated when it changes state?
temperature stops rising while the change in state is happening
28
28 Why does this happen?
energy is being used to break bonds between particles
29
29 What does specific latent heat mean?
energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance
30
30 What are the units for specific latent heat?
J/kg
31
32 Give the three factors that affect the amount of thermal energy stored in a substance.
mass, temperature, material
32
33 What is the unit for specific heat capacity?
J/kg/øC
33
34 What symbol is used for change in thermal energy?
Q
34
36 What symbol is used for specific heat capacity?
c
35
37 What does specific latent heat meant?
energy needed to change the state of 1ÿkg of a substance
36
38 What are the units for specific latent heat?
J/kg
37
39 Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.
far apart and moving around quickly
38
40 What causes gas pressure?
forces from particles hitting the walls of the container
39
41 How are temperature and kinetic energy related?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.
40
42 What causes pressure in a gas?
forces from particles hitting the walls of the container
41
43 What is the unit for pressure?
pascal, or N/m2
42
44 Why does the pressure of a gas increase when it is heated?
particles move faster, hit the walls harder and more often
43
45 What name do we give the temperature at which particles would have zero energy/pressure?
absolute zero
44
46 What is 0K in degrees Celsius?
-273øC
45
47 How do we describe something that deforms but returns to its original shape when forces are removed?
elastic
46
48 What do we call the difference between a spring?s stretched length and its original length?
extension
47
49 How does the force needed to stretch a spring change as the spring gets longer?
increases
48
50 A graph of a relationship between two variables is a straight line through the origin. How do we describe a relationship such as this?
directly proportional
49
51 What word do we use to describe something that deforms but returns to its original shape when forces are removed?
elastic
50
52 What word do we use to describe something that deforms and does not return to its original shape when forces are removed?
inelastic
51
53 What does a linear relationship on a scatter graph look like?
a straight line
52
54 What is the difference between the graphs for a linear and a directly proportional relationship?
The graph for a directly proportional relationship passes through the origin; a graph for a linear one does not necessarily do so.
53
55 Describe the relationship between the force on a spring and its length, for small forces.
linear
54
56 Describe the relationship between the force on a spring and its extension, for small forces.
directly proportional
55
57 What happens to the relationship between the force on a spring and its length or extension when the forces become very large?
becomes non-linear
56
58 Describe the relationship between the force on a rubber band and its length.
non-linear
57
59 What is the spring constant of a spring?
force needed to produce a 1m extension
58
60 What is the equation linking the spring constant with the force and extension?
force = spring constant x extension
59
Solid particles are in a _____ position
fixed
60
True/False: Solid particles vibrate slowly
True
61
Solid particles vibrate around a _____ position
fixed
62
True/False: Solid particles move around
False, they do not move around
63
True/False: Liquid particles move around
True
64
Liquid particles move around much more/less than solid particles
more
65
True/False: Liquid particles touch each other
True
66
True/False: Liquid particles are in a fixed position
False, they are not
67
In what way do liquid particles move around?
Randomly
68
Liquid particles have limited/free movement
limited
69
True/False: Liquid particles are in a confined space
True
70
Describe the movement of gas particles
They are free to move - they can zip around all over the place
71
In terms of changing state, putting energy in will turn...
a solid from a liquid or a liquid to a gas
72
In terms of changing state, taking energy out will turn...
a gas into a liquid or a liquid into a solid
73
The process of a solid turning into a liquid is called...
melting
74
The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called...
evaporating
75
The process of a gas turning into a liquid is called...
condensing
76
The process of a liquid turning into a solid is called...
freezing
77
What is density?
The amount of mass in a set volume
78
What is the equation for density?
density = mass / volume
79
When calculating density, what is mass measured in?
kg
80
When calculating density, what is volume measured in?
m3
81
What is density measured in?
kg/m3
82
What is specific heat capacity?
How much energy is needed to raise temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
83
What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
Change in energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
84
When calculating specific heat capacity, what are the units for change in energy?
J
85
When calculating specific heat capacity, what are the units for mass?
kg
86
When calculating specific heat capacity, what are the units for change in temperature?
oC
87
What are the units for specific heat capacity?
J/kg oC
88
What is specific latent heat?
How much energy is needed to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at the melting point
89
If a substance is pure, it will change _________ from a solid to a liquid at one temperature
instantly
90
What is the equation for specific latent heat?
Energy = mass x specific latent heat
91
When calculating specific latent heat, what are the units for energy?
J
92
When calculating specific latent heat, what are the units for mass?
kg
93
What are the units for specific latent heat?
J/kg
94
What shapes will be on a graph looking at the collection of molecules in a system and the amount of energy they have?
2 bell shaped curves
95
At low temperatures, there will be more/less molecules that have less energy
more
96
At low temperatures, there will be lots/few molecules that have high energy
few
97
At high temperatures, more/less molecules have more energy
more
98
How can the average kinetic energy be calculated from a graph?
The area under the graph
99
More/less molecules at a high temperature compared to a low temperature will pass the threshhold for evaporation
more
100
True/False: Evaporation increases the average kinetic energy of a system
False, it lowers it
101
What is the equation for pressure?
Pressure = volume x constant
102
What are the units for pressure?
Pa
103
When calculating pressure, what are the units for volume?
m3
104
What happens at absolute zero?
There is so little movement of particles in a solid that we cannot meaure it

GCSE Combined Physics (Edexcel) (10 decks)

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