Topic 1.5: RNA

Question 1

What are RNA nucleotides composed of?

Answer 1

A phosphate group
An organic nitrogenous base
A pentose sugar (ribose)

Question 2

What are the possible bases in RNA?

Answer 2

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil

Question 3

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 3

RNA single stranded, DNA double stranded
Thymine in DNA, Uracil in RNA
Ribose in RNA, Deoxyribose in DNA

Question 4

What is the location and function of tRNA?

Answer 4

(Transfer RNA)
Located in the cytoplasm and is responsible for transferring the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome

Question 5

Describe the shape of tRNA

Answer 5

folded, clover like shape with an amino acid binding site and an anti-codon

Question 6

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 6

It is a mobile complementary copy of the gene that can exit the nucleus and move into cytoplasm where it can be used to code for the correct sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 7

What is the function of rRNA?

Answer 7

Forms the ribosomes with associated proteins and directs the translation of mRNA into polypeptides

Question 8

Describe the role of the codon in mRNA and anti-codon in tRNA

Answer 8

The codon in mRNA (made up of three base pairs) codes for one specific type of amino acid

The anti codon (three base pairs which are complementary to the bases in mRNA’s codon) allows tRNA to bind to mRNA

Question 9

Which RNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins?

Answer 9

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 10

What does tRNA transfer?

Answer 10

amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis