topic 2

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

cells are the basic functional unit in living organisms

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

all living organisms are made up of cells
cells organised into tissues - organs - organ system
new cells are produced from pre-existing cells

Question 3

(prokaryotic) nucleoid

Answer 3

DNA loop
one length
not in the nucleus

Question 4

(prokaryotic) plasmids

Answer 4

made of DNA
used to transfer genes between individuals

Question 5

(prokaryotic) ribosomes

Answer 5

70s small
site of protein synthesis
composed of large 50s and small 30s

Question 6

(prokaryotic) capsule

Answer 6

protective slime layer
helps retain moisture and adhere to surfaces

Question 7

(prokaryotic) cell wall

Answer 7

rigid outer covering
made of peptidoglycan
provides the cell with strength and support

Question 8

gram positive

Answer 8

peptidoglycan
periplasmic space
plasma membrane

Question 9

gram negative

Answer 9

outer membrane lipopolysaccharide + protein
periplasmic space
peptidoglycan
periplasmic space
plasma membrane

Question 10

(eukaryotic) nucleus

Answer 10

surrounded by a double membrane called nuclear envelope

Question 11

(eukaryotic) RER

Answer 11

series of flattened sacks enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface
folds and process proteins made on ribosomes

Question 12

(eukaryotic) smooth ER

Answer 12

system of membrane-bound sacs
synthesises and processes lipids and steroids

Question 13

(eukaryotic) ribosomes

Answer 13

80s
large 60s and small 20s

Question 14

(eukaryotic) golgi apparatus

Answer 14

series of fluid-filled, flattened and curved sacs called cristernae with vesicles surrounding the edges
sorts, processes and packages proteins and lipids
produces lysosomes