topic 2

Question 1

One of the most important concepts in
biology.

Answer 1

Adaptation

Question 2

allow a
species to survive in its environment.

Answer 2

Adaptation

Question 3

individual
organism can respond immediately to a
changing environment

Answer 3

Acclimation

Question 4

passed from
generation to generation and allow a
species to live more successfully in its
environment. T

Answer 4

Genetic traits

Question 5

basic idea is
that species change over
generations because individuals
compete for scarce resources

Answer 5

evolution

Question 6

process
of better-selected individuals
passing their traits to the next
generation

Answer 6

Natural Selection

Question 7

changes to the
DNA coding sequence of
individuals that occurs
occasionally, and the changed
sequences are inherited by
offspring

Answer 7

Mutations

Question 8

factors that limits a species where to live

Answer 8

Limiting Factors

Question 9

4 limiting factors

Answer 9

Physiological stress
competition
predation
luck

Question 10

the single factor in
shortest supply relative to demand is the
critical factor determining where a
species lives

Answer 10

Critical Factor

Question 11

each environmental
factor has both minimum and maximum
levels, called_________,

Answer 11

tolerance limits

Question 12

The single factor closest to these
survival limits is the critical factor that
limits where a particular organism can
live.

Answer 12

tolerance limits

Question 13

place or set of
environmental conditions in
which a particular organism
lives

Answer 13

habitat

Question 14

describes
both the role played by a
species in a biological
community and the set of
environmental factors that
determine its distribution

Answer 14

Ecological Niche

Question 15

species that
tolerate a wide range of
conditions or exploit a wide
range of resources

Answer 15

Generalists

Question 16

species that have
a narrow ecological niche.

Answer 16

Specialists

Question 17

development of a new
species.

Answer 17

Speciation

Question 18

occurs when
populations are geographically
separated.

Answer 18

Allopatric Speciation

Question 19

occurs within
one geographic area

Answer 19

Sympatric Speciatio

Question 20

when
the habitat are far enough apart
that population were
genetically isolated;

Answer 20

Geographic Isolation

Question 21

two identical species live in
similar habitats but have
different mating calls

Answer 21

Behavioral Isolation

Question 22

Directional Selection

Answer 22

shift
toward one extreme of a trait.

Question 23

study of types of organisms and
their relationships.

organisms can be traced
which common ancestors they have
descended

Answer 23

Taxonomy

Question 24

also called Scientific or Latin
Name

Answer 24

Taxonomy

Question 25

important type of selective pressure.

Answer 25

predation

Question 26

type of antagonistic relationship within a biological community

Answer 26

Competition

Question 27

competition among members of the same species.

Answer 27

Intraspecific competition

Question 28

competition between members of different species.

Answer 28

Interspecific competition

Question 29

organism that feeds directly on another living organism, whether or not this kills the prey

Answer 29

Predator

Question 30

powerful but complex influence on species populations in communities

Answer 30

predation

Question 31

Two or more species live intimately together, with their fates linked. -Symbiotic relationships often enhance the survival of one or both partners.

Answer 31

symbiosis

Question 32

type of symbiosis in which both members’ benefits.

Answer 32

mutualism

Question 33

type of symbiosis in which one member clearly benefits and the other apparently is neither benefited nor harmed

Answer 33

Commensalism

Question 34

a form predation may also be considered symbiosis because of the dependency of the parasite on its host.

Answer 34

Parasitism

Question 35

one species living inside another one.

Answer 35

Endosymbiosis

Question 36

one species living on the surface of the other species.

Answer 36

Ectosymbiosis

Question 37

Thought to be the top predators like lions, wolves, and tigers that limited herbivore abundance and reduced the herbivory of plant

Answer 37

Keystone Species

Question 38

The rate of biomass production. - An indication of the rate of solar energy conversion to chemical energy

Answer 38

Primary Productivity

Question 39

expression of the total number of organisms in a biological community

Answer 39

Abundance

Question 40

measure of the number of different species, ecological niches, or genetic variation present.

Answer 40

Diversity

Question 41

refers to patterns of spatial distribution of individuals and populations within a community

Answer 41

Ecological structure

Question 42

- Many biological communities tend to remain relatively stable and constant over time

Answer 42

Resilience and Stability

Question 43

Three kinds of stability or resiliency in ecosystems:

Answer 43

constancy inertia renewal

Question 44

The boundary between one habitat and its neighbors is an important aspect of community structure.

Answer 44

edge effects.

Question 45

boundaries between adjacent communities.

Answer 45

ecotones

Question 46

a community that is sharply divided from its neighbors.

Answer 46

- Closed Community -

Question 47

community with gradual or indistinct boundaries over which many species cross.

Answer 47

Open Community

Question 48

community that developed last and lasted the longest.

Answer 48

Climax Community

Question 49

2 kinds of succession

Answer 49

primary and secondary

Question 49

the history of community development. When a succession occurs, organisms occupy a site and change the environmental conditions

Answer 49

Ecological Succession

Question 50

Land that is bare of soil (a sandbar, mudslide, rock face, and volcanic flow) is colonized by living organisms where none lived before

Answer 50

Primary succession

Question 51

When an existing community is disturbed, a new one develops from the biological legacy of the old.

Answer 51

Secondary succession

Question 52

when organisms change the environment by modifying soil, light levels, food supplies, and microclimate, the change permits new species to colonize and eventually replace the previous species.

Answer 52

Ecological development or facilitation

Question 53

the first colonists (microbes, mosses, and lichens) that can withstand a harsh environment with few resources

Answer 53

Pioneer species

Question 54

- Any force that disrupts the established patterns of species diversity and abundance, community structure, or community properties

Answer 54

Disturbance

Question 55

Continuous introduction of new community members and the disappearance of previously existing species are requirements of succession.

Answer 55

Introduced Species