topic 4 Flashcards
a dynamic planet and
constantly changing structure.
The earth is layered sphere.
earth
layers of earth:
crust
mantle
outer core
inner ore
8 most common chemical elements
iron
oxygen
silicon
magnesium
nickel
calcium
aluminum
sodium
may preserve evidence of the
ancient climate of the time and
place in which the sediments
were deposited
sedimentary rocks
also
preserve fossil remains of
ancient life
sedimentary rocks
________began to publish his
ideas in 1912 and continued to
do so for nearly two decades.
He proposed that all the
continental landmasses had
once formed a single
supercontinent, _______- (Greek
for “_______”)
Alfred Wegener
Pangaea
all lands
the moving of the pangaea to modern continents
continental drift
Continental “drift” turned out
to be just one consequence of
processes encompassed by a
broader theory known as ________
plate
tectonics
study of large
scale movement and
deformation of the earth’s
outer layers.
tectonics
relates such
deformation to the existence
and movement of rigid “plates”
over a weaker, more plastic
layer in the earth’s upper
mantle.
plate
tectonics
OUTER ZONE OF THE EARTH
lithosphere
asthenosphere
- Greek word lithos, meaning
“rock” - Together they make up the
outer solid layer of the earth
lithosphere
Greek word asthenes, meaning
“ without strength”
- The layer below the lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Lithospheric plate MOVE
APART.
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
Plates are MOVING TOWARD
EACH OTHER
CONVERFENT PLATE BOUNDARIES
A close look at a mid-ocean
spreading ridge reveals that it is
not a continuous rift thousands
of kilometers long. Rather,
ridges consist of many short
segments slightly OFFSET from
one another.
TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES
naturally
occurring, inorganic, solid
element or compound with a
definite chemical composition
and a regular internal crystal
structure.
MINERAL
two fundamental
characteristics of a mineral that
together distinguish it from all
other minerals are its ________ and _______
composistion
crystal structure
largest
compositional group of
minerals, all of which are
compounds containing silicon
and oxygen, and most of which
contain other elements as well.
SILICATES
Two most common elements in
the earth’s crust
silicon
oxygen
Name the silicate group or the distinction of silicates
QUARTZ
FELDSPARS
FERROMAGNESIAN
MICAS
CLAYS
- The best known silicate
- It is the simplest, containing
only silicon and oxygen.
quartz
The most abundant group of
minerals in the crust is a set of
chemically similar minerals
known collectively as the
feldspars.
feldspars
The general term used to
describe those silicates usually
dark-colored that contain iron
and/ or magnesium, with or
without additional elements.
ferromagnesian
