Topic 2

Question 1

What is Person-Job Fit?

Answer 1

The extent to which the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by the organisation

Question 2

What are Individual differences?

Answer 2

Personal attributes that vary from one person to another

Question 3

What is person-group fit?

Answer 3

The extent to which an individual fits with the workgroup’s and supervisor’s work styles, skills and goals

Question 4

What is person-organisation fit?

Answer 4

The fit between an individual’s values, beliefs and personality and the values, norms and culture of the organisation

Question 5

What is person-vocation fit?

Answer 5

The fit between a person’s interests, abilities, values and personality and a profession

Question 6

What is a realistic job preview?

Answer 6

Present both positive and potentially negative information toe job candidates

Question 7

What are the goals of Realistic Job Previews?

Answer 7

• Provide accurate information about job and organisation
• Build trust
• Reduce turnover

Question 8

What is personality?

Answer 8

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others

Question 9

What is a personality trait?

Answer 9

Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behaviour

Question 10

List personality determinants

Answer 10

• Heredity
• Environment
• Situation

Question 11

What is the Myers-Briggs Framework?

Answer 11

Differentiation across four general dimensions

• Extroversion/Introversion
• Sensing/Intuition
• Thinking/Feeling
• Judging/Perceiving

There are 16 personality classifications

Question 12

How are personality types assessed?

Answer 12

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

• Communication styles
• Interaction preferences

Question 13

What is Locus of control?

Answer 13

The extent to which a person believes her circumstances are a function of either her own actions or of external factors beyond her control

Question 14

What is Authoritarianism?

Answer 14

The belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organisations

Question 15

What is Machiavellianism?

Answer 15

Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance and believes that ends can justify means

Question 16

What are conditions favouring high Machiavellianisms?

Answer 16

• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Distracting emotions

Question 17

What is Tolerance for Risk (Risk Prospensity)?

Answer 17

The degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions

Question 18

What is Tolerance for Ambiguity?

Answer 18

The tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable

Question 19

What is General Self-Efficacy?

Answer 19

Confidence in one’s ability to be successful

Question 20

What is Self-Esteem?

Answer 20

Feelings of self-worth and liking or disliking oneself

Question 21

What is a Bullying Personality?

Answer 21

Mistreats other employees through verbal abuse, threats, humiliation, intimidation or sabotage; stems from abuse of power and desire to control others; related to Machiavellianism

Question 22

What is External locus of control?

Answer 22

One’s life outcomes attributed to environment factors such as luck or fate e.g. gambler, fishing, factory working

Question 23

What is Internal locus of control?

Answer 23

Belief that one controls key events and consequences in one’s life e.g. surgeon, athlete

Question 24

What is Dogmatism?

Answer 24

People who don’t like change

Question 25

Define a Type A personality

Answer 25

Aggressive involvement in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time and, if necessary, against that opposing efforts of other things or other people

Question 26

Intelligence: Define General Mental Ability

Answer 26

The capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process and apply information

Question 27

Intelligence: What is Information Processing Capacity?

Answer 27

- The manner in which individuals process and organise information - Affects task learning, performance and ability to process and organise information efficiently - Positively affected by general mental ability

Question 28

Intelligence: Define Emotional Intelligence

Answer 28

The ability to perceive and express emotions to understand and use them and to manage emotions in oneself and other people

Question 29

Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence - Define Self-awareness

Answer 29

Being aware of what you're feeling

Question 30

Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence - Define Self-Motivation

Answer 30

Persisting through obstacles, setbacks

Question 31

Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence - Define Self-Management

Answer 31

Managing your own emotions and impulses

Question 32

Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence - Define Empathy

Answer 32

Sensing how others are feeling

Question 33

Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence - Define Social Skills

Answer 33

Effectively handling emotions of others

Question 34

List Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence

Answer 34

- Self-awareness - Self-Motivation - Self-Management - Empathy - Social Skills

Question 35

Define Self Efficacy

Answer 35

A person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task

Question 36

Define Self-Monitoring

Answer 36

A personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behaviour to external situational factors

Question 37

Define perception

Answer 37

The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment

Question 38

List 2 Basic perceptual processes

Answer 38

- Selective perception | - Stereotyping

Question 39

Define Selective perception

Answer 39

Screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs

Question 40

Define Stereotyping

Answer 40

Categorizing or labelling people on the basis of a single attribute

Question 41

What factors impact a Perceiver?

Answer 41

- Values and attitudes - Personality - Motives - Interests - Past experience - Expectations

Question 42

Perception: List the stages of an Information Processing Model

Answer 42

1. Selective Attention/Comprehension 2. Encoding and simplification 3. Storage and retention 4. Retrieval and response

Question 43

Perception: Describe a general Information Processing Model

Answer 43

1. Competing environmental stimuli 2. Interpretation and categorisation 3. Memory 4. Judgements and decisions

Question 44

Perceptual Errors produces things such as what?

Answer 44

Primacy and projection

Question 45

List types of Perceptual Errors

Answer 45

- Halo - Leniency - Central tendency - Recency effects - Contrast effects

Question 46

What are characteristics of stereotypes?

Answer 46

- Not always negative - May or may not be accurate - Can lead to poor decisions and discrimination

Question 47

What is the 4 Step Process of Stereotyping?

Answer 47

1. Categorising people into groups 2. Infer that all people in category possess similar traits or characteristics 3. Form expectations of others and interpret their behaviour according to stereotypes 4. Stereotypes are maintained

Question 48

What are examples of stereotypes?

Answer 48

- Nationality - Education - Social - Age - Sex-role

Question 49

What is Self-Fulfilling Prophecy/Pygmalion Effect?

Answer 49

Peoples expectations of beliefs determine their behaviour and performance, thus serving to make their expectations come true

Question 50

Define placebo effect

Answer 50

Something with no therapeutic value