Topic 4 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is Herzberg’s 2-Factor Theory?
That job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not two end points of the same continuum, but are on two separate and different continua
There is a strong correlation between satisfaction and performance
What Concept did Herzberg use for his theory? What was this technique?
Critical incident technique; it invited the accountants and engineers to talk about a time when they felt exceptionally good about their job, and also a time when they felt exceptionally bad about their job
What were the results of Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory?
The results indicated that one group of factors was causing job satisfaction (motivators) and another group of factors was causing job dissatisfaction (hygienes)
Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory: What do Intrinsic Factors relate to?
Job Satisfaction
Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory: What do Extrinsic Factors relate to?
Job Dissatisfaction
Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory: What are Hygiene Factors?
Factors e.g. company policy, supervision, salary - that when adequate in a job, placate workers - people are less dissatisfied
Why does Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory appeal to employers? In other words, what are the advantages?
- Simple
- Empirical
- Easy to implement
- Money not motivator
What are the disadvantages of Herzberg’s 2 Factor Theory?
- Critical incidence technique (undercooks recent events, tendency to attribute good things to their own behaviour and blame company for bad things happening)
- Research
- Distinction between satisfiers and dissatisfies
- Vague measurement
How does job design contribute to motivation?
By changing things in the workplace, this can impact people’s motivation
What are some important factors in job design?
- Work simplification (model: Taylorism)
- Job rotation (moving people around)
- Job enlargement, enrichment
What is a Job Characteristics Model?
Identifies five job characteristics and their relationship to personal and work outcomes
What are the 5 Job Characteristics within the Job Characteristics Model?
- Skill variety
- Task identity
- Task significance
- Autonomy
- Feedback
Job Characteristics Model: Define Skill Variety
The degree to which the job requires a variety of different activities
Job Characteristics Model: Define Task Identity
The degree to which the job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Job Characteristics Model: Define Task Significance
The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
Job Characteristics Model: Define Autonomy
The degree to which the job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out
Job Characteristics Model: Define Feedback
The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance
Job Characteristics Model: How is a Motivating Potential Score calculated?
(skill variety + task identity + task significance)/3 * autonomy * feedback
Job Characteristics Model: Who doesn’t a Motivating Potential Score suit?
Doesn’t suit people with external locus of control as it impacts autonomy
Job Characteristics Model: What are the steps for applying the job characteristics model?
- Diagnose the work environment to determine if a performance problem is due to low motivation and de-motivating job characteristics
- Determine whether job redesign is appropriate for a given group of employees
- Determine how to best redesign the job
- Not for everyone
Job Characteristics Model: What is Intrinsic Motivation?
Being driven by positive feelings associated with doing well on a task or job
Job Characteristics Model: What is Extrinsic Motivation?
Motivation caused by the desire to attain specific outcomes
Who created and what are the types of the Behaviour Modification/Reinforcement/Learning Theory?
- Pavlov: Classic conditioning
- Thorndike: Law of effect
- Skinner: Operant conditioning
Types of the Behaviour Modification/Reinforcement/Learning Theory: Briefly describe Pavlov’s Classic Conditioning theory
Any stimulus an organism can perceive, is capable of eliciting any reaction the organism is capable of making
