Topic 3 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Who was the Scientific Management Model created by?
What is this model?
F.W. Taylor
Looks at the suitability/efficiency of an individual for a job
What are the Assumptions of the Scientific Management Model?
- Work distasteful
- ‘Economic man’ model
- Don’t want creative work
What are the Management’s Role of the Scientific Management Model?
- Break down tasks
- Supervise closely
- Pay bonuses
What are the Disadvantages of the Scientific Management Model?
- Limits
- Security
- Not all work reduced
- Not general theory
- Individual differences
- Lack group component
The Scientific Management Model theory works when?
- Increased reward worth effort
- Performance measured and clearly attributed
- Worker values the reward
- Increased performance not new minimum standard
Who was the Human Relations Model created by?
What is this model?
Elton Mayo
Hawthorne effect - alteration of behaviour by subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed
What are the Assumptions of the Human Relations Model?
- Want to feel useful
- Desire recognition
- Money less important
What are the Management’s Role of the Human Relations Model?
- Make employee’s feel useful
- Understand group relations
- Respond to employees
What are the Disadvantages of the Human Relations Model?
- Naïve reaction to Taylor
- Basic goal same: make people work harder
- Ignores individual differences
Define a Need
A requirement for survival and well-being
What are Need Theories?
Motivation theories that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs
- Maslow’s Need Hierarchy and McClelland’s Acquired Needs
What is Maslow’s Need Hierarchy?
Compares Content Models vs. Process Modes
What are the 2 Premises in Maslow’s Need Hierarchy?
Premise 1: 5 Sets of Goals
Premise 2: Needs are universal and arranged sequentially (lower level needs satisfied before higher)
Premise 1 in Maslow’s Need Hierarchy: What are the 5 sets of goals?
- Physiological (bottom)
- Safety/security
- Love/social
- Ego/esteem
- Self-actualisation (top)
Is there research backing Maslow’s Need Hierarchy?
Limited research in supporting this model
Advantages of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy?
- Can relate to anyone in organisation
- Simple
- Diagram
Disadvantages of Maslow’s Need Hierarchy?
- Treat employees differently
- Have to work out which level they’re at
What is McClelland’s Acquired Needs?
What is a disadvantage?
- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a test which is a measure of an individual’s motivation to satisfy various needs
- Responses reflect your current needs and thoughts
- Disadvantage: Little research
What tests were researched in McClelland’s Acquired Needs?
- Need for Achievement (nAch)
- Need for Affiliation (nAff)
- Need for Power (nPow)
Tests researched in McClelland’s Acquired Needs: What is Need for Achievement (nAch)?
What are the consequences?
- Strong need to perform challenging tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence
- Consequences: won’t stay in same job if no promotion
Tests researched in McClelland’s Acquired Needs: What is Need for Affiliation (nAff)?
What are the consequences?
- A concern for good interpersonal relations, being likes and getting along
- Consequences: need a chance to socialise with people e.g. open offices
Tests researched in McClelland’s Acquired Needs: What is Need for Power (nPow)?
What are the consequences?
- A desire to control or influence others
- Personal power, institutionalised/socialised power - focus on organisation
Compare Maslow’s and McClelland’s theory of needs
- Maslow’s: Can inherit needs
- McClelland’s: Can learn needs
