Topic 2 - Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

What are the systems of the human body?

Answer 1

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive system.

Question 2

What is modern medical terminology based on?

What is Latin derived from?

What is the most influential form of literature in medical terminology?

What is English derived from?

Answer 2

Latin

Latin is derived from greek

English

English is derived from Latin

Question 3

What is…

Nervus ischadius in English?

Truncus sympathicus in English?

Cavitas in English?

Answer 3

Ischial nerve

Sympathetic trunk

Cavity

Question 4

What do the following abbreviations stand for?

m.
n.
lig.
art.
a.
v.

Answer 4

Muscle
Nerve
Ligament
Articulation
Artery
Vein

Question 5

What are the plurals of…

m.
n.
lig.
art.
a.
v.

Answer 5

mm.
nn.
ligg.
artt.
aa.
vv.

Question 6

What does ab/ ad mean?

What does intra/extra mean?

What does Supra/sub mean?

What does hyper/hypo mean?

What does Epi/Peri/Endo mean?

What does Ossi/Myo/Fibro mean?

What does plasia mean?

What does al/ic mean?

Answer 6

Away from / Towards

Within / Outside

On top / Under

Over / Under

On or upon / around / within or inside

Bone / Muscle / Connective tissue

Formation

Pertaining to

Question 7

What does cranial mean?

What does caudal mean?

Answer 7

Closer to the skull

Closer to the bottom of the spine

Question 8

In terms of the trunk (truncus)

What does proximal mean?

What does distal mean?

Answer 8

Closer to the trunk

Farther from the trunk

Question 9

What does superior mean?

What does inferior mean?

Answer 9

on top, above

below, beneath, under

Question 10

In term of location

What does ventral mean?

What does dorsal mean?

Answer 10

More to the front

More to the back

Question 11

In term of structure

What does anterior mean?

What does posterior mean?

Answer 11

More to the front

More to the back

Question 12

Relative to the middle line of the body

What does medial mean?

What does lateral mean?

Answer 12

Closer to the mid line

Father away from the mid line

Question 13

What does profundus mean?

What does superficial mean?

What does radial mean?

What does ulnar mean?

What does dexter mean?

What does sinister mean?

Answer 13

Deep

Closer to the surface

More to the radial side

More to the ulnar side

Right

Left

Question 14

Planes and Axes

What are the three cardinal planes?

Answer 14

Frontal plane

Saggital Plane

Transversal Plane

Question 15

What does the Frontal plane divide the body into?

Answer 15

The frontal plane divides the body into ventral and dorsal

It is parallel to the front of the body

Question 16

What does the Saggital plane divide the body into?

Answer 16

The Saggital plane divides the body into right and left

It is perpendicular to the frontal plane

Question 17

What does the Transverse plane divide the body into?

Answer 17

The transverse plane divides the body into cranial and caudal

(Perpendicular to the frontal and saggital plane)

Question 18

What terms are used in the frontal plane?

Answer 18

Cranial/Caudal

Medial/Lateral

Question 19

What terms are used in the Saggital plane?

Answer 19

Cranial/Caudal

Ventral/Dorsal

Question 20

What terms are used in the transverse plane?

Answer 20

Ventral/Dorsal

Medial/Lateral

Question 21

What are the Axes of the body?

Answer 21

Transverse Axis (x-axis)

Saggital Axis (z-axis)

Longitudinal / Vertical Axis (y-axis)

Question 22

What planes does the transverse axis intersect

What plane is the transverse axis perpendicular to?

Answer 22

The transverse axis crosses between the frontal and transverse plane.

The Saggital Plane

Question 23

What planes does the Saggital Axis intersect?

What plane is the Saggital Axis perpendicular to?

Answer 23

The Saggital Axis crosses between the saggital and transverse planes

The frontal plane

Question 24

What planes does the longitudinal axis intersect?

What plane is the longitudinal axis perpendicular to

Answer 24

The longitudinal axis crosses between the saggital and frontal planes.

The transverse plane

Question 25

What are some key features of the axes of the body?

Answer 25

They remain constant no matter how an individuals body moves through space. Terminology remains constant. Movements around an axis are rotations Movements occur in one plane around an axis

Question 26

What movements occur in the frontal plane and on the saggital axis?

Answer 26

Abductions / Adductions Lateral flexion *Think bobbing head*

Question 27

What movements occur in the saggital plane on the transverse axis?

Answer 27

Flexion and Extension Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion of Ankle Dorsiflexion and Palmar flexion of Wrist Protraction and Retraction

Question 28

What movements occur in the transverse plane around the longitudinal axis?

Answer 28

Internal / External rotation Rotation (Spine) *Turning head* Pronation and Supination (Elbow) *Arm Twist*

Question 29

Summary: Planes, Axes and Movements What are the three Cardinal Planes? What are the three axes? What Planes does each axis intersect? What movements occur in each plane and around which axis?

Answer 29

Frontal, Saggital, Transverse. Longitudinal (y), Saggital (z), Transverse (x). Longitudinal: saggital and frontal. Saggital: saggital and transverse. Transverse: frontal and transverse. Extension: Saggital plane around transverse axis. Flexion: Saggital plane around transverse axis. Abduction/ Adduction: Frontal plane around the saggital axis. Rotation: Transverse plane around the longitudinal axis.

Question 30

What is Extension? What is Flexion? What is Abduction / Adduction? What is Rotation?

Answer 30

As angle between adjacent segments of a body increases and ventral surfaces of the segment come closer. As angle between adjacent segments of a body decreases and ventral surfaces of the segments come closer. As body parts move away or towards an imaginary central line. Any twisting motion.