Topic 6 - Myology Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the muscle belly?
Thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion.
What surrounds the muscle belly?
The Epimysium
What is the muscle belly made up of?
Fascicles (fascicles contain muscle fibers)
What are Fascicles?
Bundles of muscle fibers
What surrounds the fascicles?
The Perimysium
What are muscle fibers?
What are they made up of?
Elongated muscle cells (skeletal and smooth muscle)
Capillaries, Nucleus, Mitochondrian, Myofibrils, Multiple nucleus’s and etc.
What surrounds muscle fibers?
The Endomysium
What are the three layers of muscle?
The Epimysium, Perimysium and the Endomysium
What are the different types of muscles?
Parallel, Convergent, Pennate, Fusiform, Spiral and Circular.
What is an example of a Parallel muscle?
What is an example of a Parallel muscle with tendinous intersections?
Sartorius.
Rectus abdominis.
What is an example of a convergent muscle?
Pectoralis major.
What is an example of a Pennate muscle?
Flexor pollicis longus (Unipennate)
Rectus femoris (Bipennate)
Deltoid (Multipennate)
What is an example of a Fusiform muscle?
Brachioradialis
What is an example of a Spiral muscle?
Latissimus dorsi.
What is an example of a Circular muscle?
Orbicularis oris
What is the difference between an Anatomical and Physiological cross section?
Anatomical cross sections are perpendicular to the tendon.
Physiological cross sections are perpendicular to how the muscle fibers attach to the tendon.
What are the types of contractions?
Isometric Contraction
Concentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
What are some elements of an Isometric contraction?
External moment is equal to the internal moment (net moment=0)
No movement when executing an isometric contraction.
More static “motion”
What are some elements of a Concentric contraction?
Internal moment is greater then the External moment
Associated with a flexion movement e.g arm moving towards trunk
What are some elements of an Eccentric movement?
External moment is greater then the Internal moment
Associated with an extension movement e.g arm moves away from the body.
What are the three types of muscles involved in movement?
Agonist Muscles
Synergist Muscles
Antagonist Muscles
What is an Agonist muscle?
What are some elements of an agonist muscle
An agonist muscle is the primary muscle involved in a movement
An agonist muscle has better leverage and is further away from the joint.
What is a Synergist muscle?
What are some elements of a synergist muscle?
A synergist muscle is the secondary muscle involved in a movement.
It is known as the stabilizer
It has a shorter lever arm compared to the primary muscle
It is closer to the joint
What is an antagonist muscle?
A muscle involved in going against the agonist and synergist muscle.
When bicep is flexed the tricep is extended
