TOPIC 2 CHEMISTRY

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

The study of matter

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that occupies space and has weight

Question 3

Organic chemistry

Answer 3

The study of carbon containing substances

Question 4

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 4

The study if non-carbon containing substances

Question 5

Elements

Answer 5

Simplest type of matter

Question 6

Atoms

Answer 6

Basic unit of matter
Smallest unit of element

Question 7

Solid

Answer 7

Has a definite shape and volume

Question 8

Liquid

Answer 8

Takes the shape of the container it is in

Question 9

Gases

Answer 9

Has neither a shape or volume

Question 10

Atoms

Answer 10

Composed of 3 sub-atomic particles

Neutrons ,Protons, Electrons

Question 11

Neutrons

Answer 11

Found in the nucleus and has no electrical charge

Question 12

Protons

Answer 12

Found in the nucleus and has a positive charge

Question 13

Electrons

Answer 13

Orbits the nucleus and has a negative charge

Question 14

Atomic Number

Answer 14

Number of protons in the nucleus

Question 15

Atomic weight

Answer 15

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 16

Isotopes

Answer 16

Elements with the SAME atomic number and different atomic weight

Question 17

Radioisotopes

Answer 17

Isotopes that are UNSTABLE and will decay into more simple substances by giving off waves or particles.

Damaging to tissue ➡️ used to destroy cells

Question 18

4 common elements
Cassandra Has On Nikes

Answer 18

1.Carbon
2.Hydrogen
3.Oxygen
4.Nitrogen

Question 19

Chemical bond

Answer 19

The outer shell of two atoms are attracted to each other when they are not full and by bonding together they achieve stability

Question 20

Ionic bonds

Answer 20

Formed by electrons transferring to stabilize shells of atom

Question 21

Covalent bonds

Answer 21

Very strong bond and formed by sharing of pairs of electrons

Question 22

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 22

Unequal sharing due to electronegativities

Question 23

Non polar covalent bonds

Answer 23

Equal sharing to equal electronegativity

Question 24

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 24

Very weak bond , helps shape DNA.

Question 25

Ion

Answer 25

An atom that gains or loses electrons, therefore carries an electrical charge

Question 26

CATions

Answer 26

Positively charges ions +

Question 27

Anions

Answer 27

Negatively charged ions Anything with a - SIGN

Question 28

Electrolytes

Answer 28

Particles that disassociate in water Capable of conducting an electrical current -NaCl

Question 29

Chemical reactions

Answer 29

Process where atoms of molecules or compound interact to form a new chemical combination

Question 30

Catalyst

Answer 30

SPEEDS up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 31

Enzyme

Answer 31

A PREOTEIN that performs the role of a catalyst

Question 32

Anabolic reactions

Answer 32

When TWO OR MORE atoms, ions or molecules combine to form nerve and larger molecules —-STORE ENERGY—-

Question 33

CATabolic reaction

Answer 33

When larger molecules are split up into smaller atoms, ions and molecules ——RELEASE ENERGY—-

Question 34

Oxidation

Answer 34

Loss of electrons

Question 35

Reduction

Answer 35

Gain of electrons

Question 36

Water

Answer 36

Universal solvent Temp regulator Lubricant Helps chemical reactions Protection

Question 37

Solute

Answer 37

What is being dissolved

Question 38

Solvent

Answer 38

Solution that solute is dissolved in

Question 39

Concentration/OSMOlatility

Answer 39

Amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 40

Organic compound -CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 40

Sugars,starches MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY ATP

Question 41

LIPIDS

Answer 41

Fatty acids-saturated Phospholipids- used to make cell membrane Triglycerides- most highly form of chemical energy Steroids-cholesterol, estrogen,testosterone and cortisol

Question 42

Proteins

Answer 42

More complex than carbohydrates and lipids

Question 43

NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA

Answer 43

Genetic material inside cells Form double helix Base protein:ADENINE-thymine Guanine-cytosine

Question 44

RNA

Answer 44

Relays instruction from the genes to guide cells synthesis of protein Single stranded Uracil replaces thymine

Question 45

Adenosine triphosphate ATP

Answer 45

Provides energy to all living cells Anaerobic—do not require oxygen Aerobic—requires oxygen