Topic 2: In the Test Tube (IQ1-IQ5) Flashcards
(24 cards)
What particles are in an atom?
Protons (+), neutrons (0), electrons (-).
Where are each of these particles located?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons orbit the nucleus.
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom.
What is the mass number?
The number of protons + neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What are ions?
Charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
Who proposed the first atomic theory?
John Dalton (early 1800s).
What did Thomson discover?
The electron (‘plum pudding model’).
What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment show?
Atoms have a small, dense nucleus.
What did Bohr contribute to atomic theory?
Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels.
Who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick (1932).
How is the modern Periodic Table arranged?
By increasing atomic number.
What do groups (columns) show?
Elements with the same number of valence electrons.
What do periods (rows) show?
The number of electron shells.
What are the main groups?
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases.
Who created the first version of the Periodic Table?
Dmitri Mendeleev.
What made Mendeleev’s table unique?
He left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted their properties.
Who corrected the order of the table?
Henry Moseley (based it on atomic number).
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed between a metal and non-metal when electrons are transferred.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed between two non-metals when electrons are shared.
Properties of ionic compounds?
High melting points, conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Properties of covalent compounds?
Low melting points, do not conduct electricity.
Example of an ionic compound?
Sodium chloride (NaCl).
Example of a covalent compound?
Water (H2O).
