TOPIC 2 Midterm Flashcards
(40 cards)
assessment of patient urine at one point in time
Snapshot
valuable screening tool for urinary tract infections, kidneys diseases, and other conditions
Urinalysis
to know how much urine the body is producing in a day or how much of a particular substance is eliminated in a day
24 urine collection
diagnostic exam uses sound waves to create images of the kidney(s)
Renal ultrasound
refers to a series of X-rays taken of the kidneys, their collecting or drainage system (the ureters), and the bladder
Serum studies intravenous pyelography
syndrome in which glomerular filtration declines abruptly from hours to days and is usually reversible.
Acute renal failure
Main causes of acute renal failure
• Not enough blood flow to the kidneys
▪ Direct damage to the kidneys
▪ Urine backed up in the kidneys
condition involving a decrease in the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and fluid from the blood.
Chronic renal failure
referred to as fluid replacement
Fluid resuscitation
administered to improve cardiac and tissue oxygenation, which in part depends on flow
Fluid resuscitation
Two classes of intravenous solutions
Crystalloids, colloids
solutions of electrolytes in water that cross freely from the vascular space into the interstitium
Crystalloids
contain large molecules that cannot permeate healthy capillary membranes
Colloids
recommended as “first-line” for fluid resuscitation in such common critical illnesses as sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, and cardiac arrest.
Colloids
lining of patient own belly acts as a natural filter
Peritoneal dialysis
Wastes are taken out by means of a cleansing fluid
Dialysate
usually is done three, four or five times in a 24-hour period while patient are awake during normal activities
Peritoneal dialysis
In peritoneal dialysis each exchange takes about
30-40 minutes
2 kinds of peritoneal dialysis
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)
“continuous,” machine-free and done while patient go about their normal activities such as work or school.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
machine (cycler) delivers and then drains the cleansing fluid automatically.
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD
treatment usually is done at night while patient’s sleep
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
treatment to filter wastes and water from patient’s blood, as the patient kidneys did when they were healthy.
Hemodialysis
connects an artery and a vein
Arteriovenous (AV) fistula
