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Biology > Topic 2: The basic unit of life > Flashcards

Topic 2: The basic unit of life Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hand lens (5-20)?

A

Study small plants and animals
Cannot see cells

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2
Q

What is a light microscope (100-2000)?

A

Study simple features
Used light focused by glass lens

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3
Q

What is a Scanning electron microscope (1000-100000)?

A

SEM
See smaller structures inside cell

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4
Q

What is a transmission electron microscope (million)?

A

TEM
Shine electrons through thin slices of cells

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5
Q

What is unicellular?

A

Consists of one cell

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6
Q

What is multicellular?

A

Consists of many cells

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7
Q

What is cell theory?

A

Everything consists of cells
Smallest living things
Arise from pre-existing cells

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8
Q

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t have?

A

Cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
Defined shape
Plastids

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9
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

Allows certain things in and certain things out
Plasmelemma
Outer covering cell

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10
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Very thin-can bend in shape
Small molecules and ions continuously move in and out

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12
Q

What enters the cell membrane?

A

Sugars
Amino acids
Nutrients
Dissolved gasses

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13
Q

What leaves the cell membrane?

A

Waste products

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14
Q

What are secretions?

A

Hormones and enzymes
Produced by cell
needed in another part of body

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15
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Fluid substances
Used for storage and circulation
Fills space inside cell membrane
Water, mineral salts, gases and organic substances dissolve

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16
Q

What is a cell organell?

A

Different types
Only found in some types of cells
Some cell have more of certain ones depending on function of cells

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17
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A

Double membrane
Nucleolus plasm fills nucleus
Nucleolus in nucleoplasm
Chromosomes

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18
Q

Explain the chromosomes in the nucleus?

A

Folded and packed tightly
Chromatin network

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19
Q

What is the function of nucleur pores?

A

Allow certain substances in and out of nucleus

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20
Q

What is the function the chromatin network?

A

Has DNA
Controls process of the cell

21
Q

What are made in the nucleus?

A

Ribosomes

22
Q

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

A

Inner and outer membrane
Inner membrane surrounds a fluid containing enzymes
Granules contain enzymes for respiration

23
Q

Explain the inner membrane?

A

Folded, granules on folds

24
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Process of respiration takes place
Muscle tissue-many

25
Q

What happens during the process of respiration?

A

O2 used to break down organic substances
Energy released
Products-CO2 +H2O

26
Q

What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Double structure membrane that folds and forms channels
Rough ER
Smooth ER

27
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Manufactures
Store
Transports food

28
Q

What is the structure of the golgi body?

A

In most cells
Stack of membrane
Membrane pinch off to form vesicles > contains proteins and lipids

29
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

Collect proteins and lipids from ER > pack into vesicles > distribute to different parts of cell-secreted as hormones or enzymes > for lysosomes

30
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Found in animal cells
Carry water
Often food in water
Absorbs and spits water to control water levels

31
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Only in animal cells
Garbage disposal
Destroys foreign materials, digests food and breaks down dead cells and cell organelles

32
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose
Surrounds cell membrane
Only in plant cells
Also lignin > gives cell strength

33
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Gives shape
Supports
Protects

34
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

Large one in plant cell and small one in animal cell
Surrounded by tonoplasts
Filled with cell sap

35
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Gives cell shape
Absorbs and releases water

36
Q

What are the 3 plastids?

A

Chromoplasts
Chloroplasts
Leucoplasts

37
Q

What are chromoplasts?

A

Contains red, orange and yellow pigments
Gives colours to flowers and fruits

38
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Contains chlorophyll
Found in green plants
Double membrane > inner membrane and outer membrane

39
Q

What is the function chroloplasts?

A

Gives green colour
Starch changes back to sugar when needed
Traps radiant energy from sun > photosynthesis > produce sugar > stored as starch granules in chloroplasts

40
Q

What are leucoplasts?

A

Colourless
Found mainly in cells or roots or tubes
Store food, mostly in form of starch

41
Q

What are the 3 substances enter or leave a cell?

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport

42
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration across cell membranes.

43
Q

What is osmosis and what are the 2 types?

A

Movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Endosmosis
Exosmosis

44
Q

What is endomosis?

A

Water moves in

45
Q

What is exosmosis?

A

Water moves out

46
Q

What is active transport?

A

Transport of molecules across membranes against a concentration gradient and requires energy

47
Q

Why do we use active transport?

A

Some organic molecules are too large to get through cell membrane

48
Q

How are molecules transfered?

A

Carried through membrane by protein in membrane
Protein selects which mmbranes to carry across
Use energy from mitochondria

Biology (7 decks)

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