TOPIC 3

Question 1

is the ordered sequence of events that occur in a cell in preparation for cell division

Answer 1

Cell Cycle

Question 2

process in which the cell increases in size

Answer 2

gap 1, or G1, stage

Question 3

stage that copies its DNA

Answer 3

synthesis, or S, stage

Question 4

stage that copies its DNA

Answer 4

synthesis, or S, stage

Question 5

process in which the cell prepares to divide

Answer 5

gap 2, or G2, stage

Question 6

process in which the cell divides

Answer 6

mitosis, or M, stage

Question 7

programmed cell death

Answer 7

apoptosis

Question 8

the division of a cell into two separate and similar parts

Answer 8

binary fission

Question 9

the body that contains the DNA and associated proteins

Answer 9

chromosome

Question 10

type of asexual reproduction typically observed in prokaryotes and a few
single-celled eukaryotes. In this method of asexual reproduction, there is a separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells. This process happens with the division and duplication of
the parent’s genetic matter into two parts. Here, each daughter cell receives one copy of its parent DNA.

Answer 10

Binary fission

Question 11

Cells multiply chiefly by ______, a complex process that involves an equal division of the nuclear chromatin in kind and
amount.

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

In the formation of body cells also called as _____the process of cell division is referred to as mitosis.

Answer 12

somatic cell

Question 13

germ cells (egg
and sperm) undergo a special type of cell division known as _______

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

Before a dividing cell enters mitosis, it undergoes a period of growth called _______ which accounts for about 90 percent of a cell’s time in the normal cell cycle.

Answer 14

interphase

Question 15

It is during ______ that the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division.

Answer 15

interphase

Question 16

Interphase consists of 3 periods of growth which are:

Answer 16

G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

Question 17

first gap of interphase

Answer 17

G1 phase

Question 18

Phase where DNA synthesis

Answer 18

S phase

Question 19

chromosomes are duplicated only during the _____.

Answer 19

S phase

Question 20

The period prior to the synthesis of DNA. In this phase, the cell increases in mass in
preparation for cell division.

Answer 20

G1 phase

Question 21

The period during which DNA is synthesized. In most cells, there is a narrow window of time during which DNA is synthesized.

Answer 21

S phase

Question 22

The period after DNA synthesis has occurred but prior to the start of prophase. The
cell synthesizes proteins and continues to increase in size

Answer 22

G2 phase

Question 23

In the latter part of _____, the cell still has nucleoli present

Answer 23

interphase

Question 24

division of the nucleus, it has 4 stages.

Answer 24

Mitosis

Question 25

4 stages of Mitosis

Answer 25

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 26

In ______, the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes.

Answer 26

Prophase

Question 27

The nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles form at opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 27

Prophase

Question 28

Chromatin fibers become coiled into chromosomes, with each chromosome having two chromatids joined at a centromere.

Answer 28

Prophase

Question 29

The mitotic spindle, composed microtubules and proteins, forms in the cytoplasm.

Answer 29

Prophase

Question 30

The two pairs of centrioles (formed from the replication of one pair in Interphase) move away from one another toward opposite ends of the cell due to the lengthening of the microtubules that form between them.

Answer 30

Prophase

Question 31

are microtubules that make up the spindle fibers

Answer 31

Polar fibers

Question 32

which are specialized regions in the centromeres of chromosomes

Answer 32

Kinetochores

Question 33

In ______, the spindle reaches maturity and the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Answer 33

metaphase

Question 34

a plane that is equally distant from the two spindle poles

Answer 34

metaphase plate

Question 35

The nuclear membrane disappears completely

Answer 35

Metaphase

Question 36

Polar fibers continue to extend from the poles to the center of the cell.

Answer 36

Metaphase

Question 37

Chromosomes move randomly until they attach (at their kinetochores) to polar fibers from both sides of their centromeres.

Answer 37

Metaphase

Question 38

In ______, the paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell.

Answer 38

anaphase

Question 39

At the end of ______, each pole contains a complete compilation of chromosomes.

Answer 39

Anaphase

Question 40

The paired centromeres in each distinct chromosome begin to move apart.

Answer 40

Anaphase

Question 41

Once the paired sister chromatids separate from one another, each is considered a "full" chromosome. They are referred to as _________.

Answer 41

daughter chromosomes

Question 42

In ______, the chromosomes are cordoned off into distinct new nuclei in the emerging daughter cells.

Answer 42

telophase

Question 43

The polar fibers continue to lengthen. Nuclei begin to form at opposite poles.

Answer 43

Telophase

Question 44

The nuclear envelopes of these nuclei form from remnant pieces of the parent cell's nuclear envelope and from pieces of the endomembrane system.

Answer 44

Telophase

Question 45

Nucleoli also reappear.

Answer 45

Telophase

Question 46

The genetic contents of one cell have been divided equally into two.

Answer 46

Telophase

Question 47

the division of the cell's cytoplasm

Answer 47

Cytokinesis

Question 48

Cytokinesis begins prior to the end of mitosis in _____ and completes shortly after telophase/mitotic phase.

Answer 48

Anaphase

Question 49

At the end of ______, two genetically identical daughter cells are produced. These are diploid cells, with each cell containing a full complement of chromosomes

Answer 49

cytokinesis

Question 50

In meiosis, four daughter cells are produced. These cells are ______ cells, containing one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Answer 50

Haploid

Question 51

Sex cells undergo meiosis. When sex cells unite during fertilization, these haploid cells become a ______ cell.

Answer 51

Diploid

Question 52

is a special type of eukaryotic cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes from diploid cells

Answer 52

Meiosis

Question 53

contain a single copy of each chromosomes

Answer 53

Haploid sex cells or gametes

Question 54

contain two copies of each chromosome

Answer 54

diploid cells

Question 55

the two halves of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 55

sister chromatids

Question 56

Homologue pairs separate during a first round of cell division, called _______.

Answer 56

meiosis I

Question 57

Sister chromatids separate during a second round, called _____.

Answer 57

meiosis II

Question 58

The starting cell is diploid, 2n = 4. Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange fragments in the process of crossing over.

Answer 58

Prophase I

Question 59

Homologue pairs line up at the metaphase plate.

Answer 59

Metaphase I:

Question 60

Homologues separate to opposite ends of the cell. Sister chromatids stay together.

Answer 60

Anaphase I

Question 61

Newly forming cells are haploid, n = 2. Each chromosome still has two sister chromatids, but the chromatids of each chromosome are no longer identical to each other.

Answer 61

Telophase I

Question 62

a lattice of proteins between the homologous chromosomes, first forms at specific locations and then spreads to cover the entire length of the chromosomes

Answer 62

synaptonemal complex

Question 63

The tight pairing of the homologous chromosomes is called ______.

Answer 63

synapsis

Question 64

The synaptonemal complex supports the exchange of chromosomal segments between non-sister homologous chromatids, a process called _______.

Answer 64

crossing over

Question 65

cross-shaped structures where homologues are linked together

Answer 65

chiasmata

Question 66

In ______, the homologous chromosomes are arranged in the center of the cell with the kinetochores facing opposite poles.

Answer 66

Metaphase I

Question 67

The random or ________ of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate is the second mechanism that introduces variation into the gametes or spores.

Answer 67

independent assortment

Question 68

How many chromosomes pairs do human have?

Answer 68

23

Question 69

In _____, the homologues are pulled apart and move apart to opposite ends of the cell. The sister chromatids of each chromosome, however, remain attached to one another and do not separate.

Answer 69

anaphase I

Question 70

the chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes form around the chromatids in _______.

Answer 70

telophase I.

Question 71

constriction of the actin ring that leads to cytoplasmic division

Answer 71

cleavage furrow

Question 72

In plants, a ______ is formed during cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles fusing at the metaphase plate.

Answer 72

cell plate

Question 73

In some species, cells enter a brief interphase, or _______, before entering meiosis II.

Answer 73

interkinesis

Question 74

During ______, the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes.

Answer 74

meiosis II

Question 75

During ______, chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down, if needed. The centrosomes move apart, the spindle forms between them, and the spindle microtubules begin to capture chromosomes. The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are captured by microtubules from opposite spindle poles.

Answer 75

prophase II

Question 76

In ______, the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in mitosis-like fashion, with the kinetochores of sister chromatids of each chromosome pointing toward opposite poles.

Answer 76

metaphase II

Question 77

In _______, the centromeres of sister chromatids finally separate, and the sister chromatids of each pair, now individual chromosomes, move toward opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 77

anaphase II

Question 78

the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense. Nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes

Answer 78

telophase II

Question 79

Importance of the process in the life cycle of a multicellular organism or cell; Development of multicellular adult from zygote. Production of cells for growth, for repair & replacement of damaged/worn out cells.

Answer 79

Mitosis

Question 80

Importance of the process in the life cycle of a multicellular organism or cell; Produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. Conserve chromosome number by half. Introduces genetic variability in the gametes.

Answer 80

Meiosis

Question 81

Type of Reproduction: Asexual

Answer 81

Mitosis

Question 82

Type of Reproduction: Sexual

Answer 82

Meiosis

Question 83

Chromosome # in daughter cell: 2N

Answer 83

Mitosis

Question 84

Chromosome # in daughter cell: N

Answer 84

Meiosis

Question 85

Type of cells produced in the process: Diploid

Answer 85

Mitosis

Question 86

Type of cells produced in the process: Haploid

Answer 86

Meiosis

Question 87

Mother cell’s genetic make up compared to daughter cell’s genetic make up: Identical to the mother cell

Answer 87

Mitosis

Question 88

Mother cell’s genetic make up compared to daughter cell’s genetic make up: Genetically different to the mother cell and to each other

Answer 88

Meiosis

Question 89

Number of nuclear divisions: One division sequence

Answer 89

Mitosis

Question 90

Number of nuclear divisions: Two division sequence

Answer 90

Meiosis

Question 91

Number of times DNA is replicated

Answer 91

Both once in Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 92

Does synapsis of homologous chromosomes occur? No Does crossing over occur? No Does independent assortment occur? No

Answer 92

Mitosis

Question 93

Does synapsis of homologous chromosomes occur? Yes Does crossing over occur? Yes Does independent assortment occur? Yes

Answer 93

Meiosis

Question 94

Type of cell that undergo the process (areas of the body) in Mitosis

Answer 94

Somatic/body cells

Question 95

Type of cell that undergo the process (areas of the body) in Meiosis

Answer 95

Reproductive cells or gametes

Question 96

When does cytokinesis occur? (1st or 2nd division) in Mitosis

Answer 96

1st division

Question 97

When does cytokinesis occur? (1st or 2nd division) in Meiosis

Answer 97

2nd division

Question 98

Number of daughter cells produced at the end of the process in Mitosis

Answer 98

Two

Question 99

Number of daughter cells produced at the end of the process in Meiosis

Answer 99

Four