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Biology Paper 1 > Topic 3: Infection And Response > Flashcards

Topic 3: Infection And Response Flashcards

1
Q

When are infections caused?

A

Whenever a foreign pathogen invades an organism.

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2
Q

Name the 4 main types of pathogen

A

Virus
Bacteria
Protist
Fungi

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3
Q

What are visuses?

A

Tiny, non-living particles that can reproduce rapidly within the body.

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4
Q

What do viruses NOT contain?

A

Cells

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5
Q

What type of cells to viruses invade it make new virus particles?

A

Host cells

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6
Q

What do viruses cause the cells to do when they are made?

A

They make the cells burst, and the cell damage makes us feel ill.

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7
Q

What are Bacteria?

A

Small living cells that either damage cells directly or by producing toxins (poisons).

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8
Q

What are the optimal conditions for bacteria to reproduce rapidly?

A

Warm, moist areas with a good supply of oxygen.

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9
Q

How do bacteria make us feel ill?

A

By releasing toxins which damage cells and tissues.

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10
Q

What are Fungi?

A

Single-celled organisms that have a body made up of hyphae (thread-like structure)

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11
Q

What is the hyphae (thread-like structures) found in fungi able to do?

A

Grow and penetrate tissues, such as human skin.

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12
Q

What do hyphae in uni product so they can spread to other plants and animals?

A

They produce spores/

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13
Q

What are Protists?

A

Single-called eukaryotic organisms

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14
Q

What does it mean if a organism is eukaryotic?

A

It has a nucleus/

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15
Q

What does it mean if something is a parasite?

A

That they live on or inside other organisms.

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16
Q

How are protists transferrred to the host organism?

A

By a vector (e.g a mosquito for malaria)

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17
Q

How do protists make us feel ill?

A

By damaging our tissues

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18
Q

What are the 3 ways an infectious disease can spread?

A

Direct Contact
Water
Air

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19
Q

Name 1 example of a disease that spreads through direct contact.

A

Athletes foot

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20
Q

Name 1 example of a disease that spreads through water?

A

Cholera.

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21
Q

Name 1 example of a disease that can be spread through air?

A

The flu

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22
Q

Name 4 ways we can prevent infection spread.

A

Practising good hygiene
Isolation
Deterring vectors
Vaccination

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23
Q

What do vaccines do?

A

Make people immune (resistant to) infection, so the disease is less likely to spread.

24
Q

What are viruses?

A

tiny, non-living particles that reproduce rapidly within the body.

25
Q

Name 3 examples of virus diseases.

A

Measles
HIV
TMV

26
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

fever
red skin rash

27
Q

How is the measles virus spread?

A

By breathing in droplets from coughs etc.

28
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

29
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

Through sexual contact or the exchange of body fluids.

30
Q

What happens if you have HIV and the antiretroviral drugs did not work properly?

A

The virus enters the lymph nodes and attacks the body’s immune system.

31
Q

What is AIDS caused by

A

HIV

32
Q

What does TMV stand for?

A

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

33
Q

What is the symptom of Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and why does this symptom occur?

A

Discolouration, due to photosynthesis not being able to take place.

34
Q

Are viruses cellular or acellular?

A

acellular

35
Q

Do viruses reproduce rapidly or slowly?

A

rapidly

36
Q

do viruses need a host cell?

A

yes of course

37
Q

are viruses living or non-living?

A

non-living

38
Q

what are the 4 steps of viruses in the body?

A

INVASION (virus invades the host cell)
REPLICATION (the particle inserts its DNA into the cells DNA, this is replicated)
INVADED CELLS BURST (cells are burst to allow them to invade more cells)
ILLNESS (cell damage makes the person feel ill)

39
Q

What are bacteria?

A

small living cells that either damage cells directly or by producing toxins

40
Q

What are toxins?

A

poisons

41
Q

Name 2 examples of bacterial diseases.

A

Salmonella
Gonorrhoea

42
Q

What do the toxins from salmonella cause?

A

Vomiting, fever, stomach pain and diarrhoea

43
Q

What is Gonorrhoea?

A

A sexually transmitted disease.

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

A

pain when urinating and a thick yellow or green discharge from the penis or vagina

45
Q

What can be used to stop the spread of Gonorrhoea?

A

barrier contraception methods incl. condoms

46
Q

What are fungi?

A

a unicellular or a multicellular organisms with bodies maid up of hyphae (which are thread-like).

47
Q

What are the hyphae of fungi able to do?

A

grow and penetrate tissues

48
Q

name an example of a fungal disease.

A

Rose Black Spot.

49
Q

What does a fungi’s hyphae produce?

A

spores which can spread.

50
Q

How is rose black spot spread?

A

in water or in the air

51
Q

How is rose black spot treated?

A

by cutting off affected leaves etc.

52
Q

What are protists?

A

single-celled eukaryotic organisms

53
Q

What are parasites?

A

things that live on or inside an organism

54
Q

Name an example of a disease caused by a protist.

A

Malaria

55
Q

many protists are…

A

… parasites

Biology Paper 1 (5 decks)

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