Topic 3: Infection And Response

Question 1

When are infections caused?

Answer 1

Whenever a foreign pathogen invades an organism.

Question 2

Name the 4 main types of pathogen

Answer 2

Virus
Bacteria
Protist
Fungi

Question 3

What are visuses?

Answer 3

Tiny, non-living particles that can reproduce rapidly within the body.

Question 4

What do viruses NOT contain?

Answer 4

Cells

Question 5

What type of cells to viruses invade it make new virus particles?

Answer 5

Host cells

Question 6

What do viruses cause the cells to do when they are made?

Answer 6

They make the cells burst, and the cell damage makes us feel ill.

Question 7

What are Bacteria?

Answer 7

Small living cells that either damage cells directly or by producing toxins (poisons).

Question 8

What are the optimal conditions for bacteria to reproduce rapidly?

Answer 8

Warm, moist areas with a good supply of oxygen.

Question 9

How do bacteria make us feel ill?

Answer 9

By releasing toxins which damage cells and tissues.

Question 10

What are Fungi?

Answer 10

Single-celled organisms that have a body made up of hyphae (thread-like structure)

Question 11

What is the hyphae (thread-like structures) found in fungi able to do?

Answer 11

Grow and penetrate tissues, such as human skin.

Question 12

What do hyphae in uni product so they can spread to other plants and animals?

Answer 12

They produce spores/

Question 13

What are Protists?

Answer 13

Single-called eukaryotic organisms

Question 14

What does it mean if a organism is eukaryotic?

Answer 14

It has a nucleus/

Question 15

What does it mean if something is a parasite?

Answer 15

That they live on or inside other organisms.

Question 16

How are protists transferrred to the host organism?

Answer 16

By a vector (e.g a mosquito for malaria)

Question 17

How do protists make us feel ill?

Answer 17

By damaging our tissues

Question 18

What are the 3 ways an infectious disease can spread?

Answer 18

Direct Contact
Water
Air

Question 19

Name 1 example of a disease that spreads through direct contact.

Answer 19

Athletes foot

Question 20

Name 1 example of a disease that spreads through water?

Answer 20

Cholera.

Question 21

Name 1 example of a disease that can be spread through air?

Answer 21

The flu

Question 22

Name 4 ways we can prevent infection spread.

Answer 22

Practising good hygiene
Isolation
Deterring vectors
Vaccination

Question 23

What do vaccines do?

Answer 23

Make people immune (resistant to) infection, so the disease is less likely to spread.

Question 24

What are viruses?

Answer 24

tiny, non-living particles that reproduce rapidly within the body.

Question 25

Name 3 examples of virus diseases.

Answer 25

Measles HIV TMV

Question 26

What are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 26

fever red skin rash

Question 27

How is the measles virus spread?

Answer 27

By breathing in droplets from coughs etc.

Question 28

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 28

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 29

How is HIV spread?

Answer 29

Through sexual contact or the exchange of body fluids.

Question 30

What happens if you have HIV and the antiretroviral drugs did not work properly?

Answer 30

The virus enters the lymph nodes and attacks the body's immune system.

Question 31

What is AIDS caused by

Answer 31

HIV

Question 32

What does TMV stand for?

Answer 32

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Question 33

What is the symptom of Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and why does this symptom occur?

Answer 33

Discolouration, due to photosynthesis not being able to take place.

Question 34

Are viruses cellular or acellular?

Answer 34

acellular

Question 35

Do viruses reproduce rapidly or slowly?

Answer 35

rapidly

Question 36

do viruses need a host cell?

Answer 36

yes of course

Question 37

are viruses living or non-living?

Answer 37

non-living

Question 38

what are the 4 steps of viruses in the body?

Answer 38

INVASION (virus invades the host cell) REPLICATION (the particle inserts its DNA into the cells DNA, this is replicated) INVADED CELLS BURST (cells are burst to allow them to invade more cells) ILLNESS (cell damage makes the person feel ill)

Question 39

What are bacteria?

Answer 39

small living cells that either damage cells directly or by producing toxins

Question 40

What are toxins?

Answer 40

poisons

Question 41

Name 2 examples of bacterial diseases.

Answer 41

Salmonella Gonorrhoea

Question 42

What do the toxins from salmonella cause?

Answer 42

Vomiting, fever, stomach pain and diarrhoea

Question 43

What is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 43

A sexually transmitted disease.

Question 44

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 44

pain when urinating and a thick yellow or green discharge from the penis or vagina

Question 45

What can be used to stop the spread of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 45

barrier contraception methods incl. condoms

Question 46

What are fungi?

Answer 46

a unicellular or a multicellular organisms with bodies maid up of hyphae (which are thread-like).

Question 47

What are the hyphae of fungi able to do?

Answer 47

grow and penetrate tissues

Question 48

name an example of a fungal disease.

Answer 48

Rose Black Spot.

Question 49

What does a fungi's hyphae produce?

Answer 49

spores which can spread.

Question 50

How is rose black spot spread?

Answer 50

in water or in the air

Question 51

How is rose black spot treated?

Answer 51

by cutting off affected leaves etc.

Question 52

What are protists?

Answer 52

single-celled eukaryotic organisms

Question 53

What are parasites?

Answer 53

things that live on or inside an organism

Question 54

Name an example of a disease caused by a protist.

Answer 54

Malaria

Question 55

many protists are...

Answer 55

... parasites