Flashcards in Topic 3 - Routing Technologies Deck (42)
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1
IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)
The protocol responsible for exchanging routing information within an AS.
2
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
A routing protocol that can span multiple, autonomous networks
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Key difference between IGP and EGP?
IGP is protocol WITHIN an AS
BGP is protocol BETWEEN AS's
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Routing protocols? and which are IGP and BGP?
Distance Vector (IGPs)
Link-State (IGPs)
Advanced Distance Vector (Hybrid) (IGPs)
Path Vector (EGP)
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Distance Vector Routing Explain
Each router passes a copy of its routing table to its adjacent neighbors.
The neighbor adds the route to its own table, incrementing the metric to reflect the extra distance to the end network. The distance is given as a hop count; the vector component specifies the address of
the next hop.
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Examples of Distance Vector Routing Protocols?
RIP V1 and V2
EIGRP
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Link State Explain
Requires neighbors
Periodic Hello's between neighbors
Regenerate LSAs (Link State Advertisements) after defined interval
Complete visibility of entire topology for directly-connected areas
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what is the default router priority with HSRP?
100
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3 types of FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)
1. HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol)
2. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
3. GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol)
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What RFC is HSRP defined in?
RFC 2281
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In HSRP, the active router responds to default gateway ARP requests with...
virtual router MAC address
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In IPv6, it is best practice for your default gateway to be what type of address?
Link-Local
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What does EIGRP use as its metrics by default?
Bandwidth and Delay
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What does EIGRP use to prevent loops?
Split Horizon
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EIGRP uses 2 types of load balancing?
Equal-cost load balancing
Unequal-cost load balancing
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general characteristics of a link-state protocol
- More scalable
- Each router has a full topology
- Updates sent when topology change occurs
- Respond quickly to topology changes
- More info communicated between routers than Distance Vector
- Only type of IGP found in large network environments
17
What is default reference bandwidth in OSPF?
100 Mbps
18
List the 4 OSPF router roles
1. Backbone
2. Internal
3. ABRs (Area Border Router)
4. ASBRs (Autonomous System Boundary Router)
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How is the Designated Router chosen in OSPF?
Router_ID, which is the highest IP address of the loopback interfaces. If no loopbacks, then chooses highest IP address of the interfaces
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How does OPSFv3 communicate?
It uses IPv6 multicast addresses
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What do FHRP do?
The FHRP provides default gateway redundancy
22
Which EIGRP information is held in RAM and maintained through the use of Hello and update packets?
Neighbor table
Topology table
23
Where are EIGRP successor routes stored?
Neighbor table
Topology table
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Which command will display all the EIGRP feasible successor routes known to a router?
show ip eigrp topology
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What is considered to be a feasible route?
Any secondary route to a remote network
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What does the variance command do in EIGRP?
Provides unequal load balancing
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For EIGRP to form an adjacency with a neighbor, the _________ numbers must match, and the metric _- _________ must match as well.
AS
K-values
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What routes are the routes picked from the topology table as the best route to a remote network
Successor
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The topology table contains any route that is not as good as the successor route and is considered a __________ successor, or ___________ route
feasible
backup
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In order for two OSPF routers to form an adjacency they...
- Must be in the same area
- Must be in the same subnet
- Hello and dead timers must match
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Default Administrative Distance
Connected: 0
Static: 1
eBGP
EIGRP: 90
OSPF: 110
RIP:120
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what is Metric Value?
a value that allow the the protocol to determine the best routes within the protocol
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What does Split Horizon method do?
Prevent loop
34
Route Poisoning
a method to prevent a router from sending packets through a route that has become invalid within computer networks
35
Router on a stick?
Router on a stick is a means of connecting to two or more subnets via a single physical Layer 3 interface using subinterfaces.
36
static routing and dynamic routing
Dynamic routing protocols automatically detect and adapt to network changes whereas Static routing requires manual intervention to adjust to network changes.
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Administrative Distance of Static routes
Administrative Distance of Dynamic routes
Static - default admin distance of 1
Dynamic - higher than 1 and dependent on the protocol
38
What does Link state use as its metrics by default?
Cost
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What are Interior Routing protocols?
RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS
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What are exterior routing protocol?
BGP, EGP and IDRP
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Commands to shows routes learned via OSPF only?
# show ip route ospf
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