Topic 3B- More Exchange and Transport Symptoms

Question 1

what vessel carries blood away from the heart

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

do arteries have thick walls

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what type of blood do arteries carry

Answer 3

oxygenated

Question 4

what is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 4

pulmonary artery

Question 5

what do arteries divide up into

Answer 5

arterioles

Question 6

what do the muscles in arterioles do

Answer 6

control direction where blood is demanded

Question 7

what is the widening of the lumen

Answer 7

vasodilation

Question 8

what is the lumen getting smaller

Answer 8

vasoconstriction

Question 9

where do veins carry blood to

Answer 9

back to the heart

Question 10

do veins have a small lumen

Answer 10

no, it’s wider than arteries

Question 11

what has more elastic tissue for stretch and recoil to maintain pressure

Answer 11

arteries

Question 12

do veins have valves, if so why

Answer 12

yes, to prevent backflow when going against gravity to the heart

Question 13

what type of blood do veins carry

Answer 13

deoxygenated

Question 14

do veins have muscle surrounding them, if so why

Answer 14

yes, this is to aid the low pressure blood back to the heart against gravity

Question 15

what do arterioles branch into

Answer 15

capillaries

Question 16

what is the smallest blood vessel

Answer 16

capillaries

Question 17

why are capillary’s good for exchanging substances between cells and capillaries

Answer 17

they are 1 cell thick

Question 18

what are capillary beds

Answer 18

network of capillaries in tissue

Question 19

why is there a large number of capillaries

Answer 19

increase surface area for exchange

Question 20

example of capillaries lining cells

Answer 20

surrounding the alveoli for gaseous exchange

Question 21

where does photosynthesis happen

Answer 21

chloroplasts

Question 22

what does the phloem transport

Answer 22

solutes- minerals and inorganic ions

Question 23

why does the phloem transport solutes and what is the process called

Answer 23

for metabolic process and translocation

Question 24

why do cells require glucose

Answer 24

for respiration

Question 25

do all cells need the same amount of glucose

Answer 25

no the amount depends on their function and whats its then used for

Question 26

what are the 3 main components of a phloem structure

Answer 26

sieve tube elements, end plates and companion cells

Question 27

what are sites of production within a plant called

Answer 27

sources

Question 28

where from the pants sources are the substances taken

Answer 28

sinks

Question 29

how are sugars in a plant produced

Answer 29

photosynthesis

Question 30

what does the mass flow theory rely on for movement

Answer 30

pressure gradients

Question 31

(at source) phloem loading

in the mass transport theory, when the source pruduces sugar, what does this do to the concerntration

Answer 31

increases it

Question 32

(at source) phloem loading

in the mass transport theory, how does the sugar move from the leaf cell to the companion cell

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion

Question 33

(at source) phloem loading

in the mass transport theory, what does the cell actively transport into the sieve tube elements from companion cells

Answer 33

hydrogen ions

Question 34

(at source) phloem loading

in the mass transport theory, how does the sugar get into the S.T.E from companion cells

Answer 34

co-transport with H+ ions

Question 35

(at source) phloem loading

in the mass transport theory, what happens to the water potential in the phloem once the sugar has been pumped into the phloem

Answer 35

decreases

Question 36

(at source) phloem loading

in the mass transport theory,due to a lower water potential in the phloem what does this cause to happen

Answer 36

osmosis from the xylem into the phloem

Question 37

phloem loading (at source)

in the mass transport theory, as osmosis has happened into the cell what does this cause the hydrostatic pressure to do

Answer 37

increase

Question 38

in the mass transport theory, how do sugars move from companion cells into leaf cells (sinks)

Answer 38

facilitated diffusion and probably active transport

Question 39

in the mass transport theory, how do sugars move out of the S.T.E into the companion cells

Answer 39

facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 40

in the mass transport theory, when the sugars move OUT of the phloem what happens to the water potential

Answer 40

increases

Question 41

in the mass transport theory, what is the result of the water potential increases in the phloem near the sink

Answer 41

water moves out by osmosis into the xylem

Question 42

in the mass transport theory, when water moves out of the phloem into the xylem, what decreases

Answer 42

hydrostatic pressure

Question 43

in the mass transport theory, what is the significance of having a high pressure at the source and low pressure at the sink

Answer 43

creates a gradient, this results in movement as the substances go down the pressure gradient