Topic 4B- Diversity and Selection Flashcards
mutation
a change in the DNA base sequence
substitution
1 base sis swapped for another based
deletion
a base is removed
addition
a base is added
translocation
a sequence of bases are moved
polygenic
many genes
is translocation a gene or chromosome mutation
chromosome
stomatic cell
any body cell, anything bit a gamete
gamete
sex cell
are mutations random
yes
duplication
at least one base is reapeated
inversion
a sequence of bases are reversed
a mis-sense mutation
different amino acids is coded for, altering the primary structure
what will happen is an enzymes primary structure is changed
the tertiary structure changes therefore affecting the active site of an enzyme- substrate can no longer fit in
silent mutation
the base changed doesn’t affect the tertiary structure as the coe is degenrate
degenerate
more than 20 triplet codes compared to the 20 amino acids
nonsense mutation
the change in a triplet codes for a stop mutation therefore the rest of the RNA isn’t read during transcription
frame shift
altering the order of the triplets this can be die to a deletion or addition
where may a mutation occur and it have less consequences
an end of a gene or introns
gene expression
the process of transcription and translation
mutagens
environmental condition or substance which increases the rate of a mutation occuring
examples of mutagens
- pollution
- radiation
- alchohol
- some viruses
carcinogens
something that mutates DNA in the genes that replicate- causing cancer
what type of cell undergoes meiosis
gametes
