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Biology > Topic 4 - Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Topic 4 - Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

How is energy transfered to plant from environment

A

By light

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2
Q

How do muscles store glucose

A

As glycogen

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3
Q

5 uses of gucose in plants

A
  • Store as starch
  • making Cellulose
  • making Amino acids
  • Respiration -

stored as Fats/oils

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4
Q

Why do plants store glucose as starch

A

-Starch is insoluble, so better to store as starch as too much glucose means too much osmosis so cells will become turgid and burst

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5
Q

Where is starch stored in plant and why

A

Roots, stem, leaves, so ready to use when no photosynthesis is happenig

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6
Q

2 examples of larger molecules → smaler ones

A

Glucose in respiration

Excess protein broken down into urea, excreted in urine

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7
Q

What is starch a storage molecule in

A

Plants

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8
Q

What is glycogen a storage molecule in

A

Animals

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9
Q

What is meant by not fuly oxidised

A

Doesn’t combine fuly with oxygen

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10
Q

What does oxygen debt do to breathing rate and pulse after exercise and why

A

-Increase it while co2 and lactic acid levels high to get more oxygen in blood to muscles

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11
Q

How light intensity and distance linked

A

Inversly proportional

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12
Q

What is inverse square law

A

light intensity indirectly proportional to 1/distance2

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13
Q

Oxygen plus lactic acid → ?

A

Harmless carbon dioxid and water

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14
Q

What is oxygen debt

A

Amount of extra oxygen body nees to reat with built up lctic acid and remove it from cells

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15
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + water → carbon dioxide + water

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16
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles

A

Glucose → lactic acid

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17
Q

Balanced photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O + 6O2

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18
Q

Is photosynthesis exo or endo + meaning

A

Endo - energy transfered from environment

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19
Q

4 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A
  • Light intensity
  • CO2 concentration
  • Temperature
  • Aount of chlorophyll
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20
Q

Limiting factor in winter

A

temp

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21
Q

Limiting factor at night

A

light intensity

22
Q

Limiting factor when theres enough light and heat

A

carbon dioxide or chlorophyll

23
Q

When is chlorophyll a limiting factor

A

disease/ ion defficiency

24
Q

What are amino acids made of

A

glucose and nitrate ions

25
Q

What do nitrate ions and glucose ions make

A

Amino acids

26
Q

What is a limiting factor

A

Something that slows the rrate of photosynthesis or is preventing it happening faster

27
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

Glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol

28
Q

What happens to rate of photosynthesis if temperature is too hot, why and what temp

A

decreases as enzyme denatures

around 450C

29
Q

If lamp is 10cm away, what is light intensity

A

1/102= 0.01 au

30
Q

How is light intensity measured

A

Au, arbitary units

31
Q

Advantage of greenhouse

A

Can control temp, carbon dioxie and lih intensity

32
Q

What is respiration

A

Process of transfering glucose to energy

33
Q

Respiration: endo or exo and meaning

A

Exo: transfers energy to environment

34
Q

3 ways organisms use energy from respiration

A
  • Building larger molecules from smaler
  • In animals, allow muscles to contract
  • in mammals and birds to keep body temp steady
35
Q

What is metabolism

A

Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism

36
Q

3 examples of smaller molecules → larger ones

A
  • glucose → starch, glycogen and cellulose
  • 1 molecule glycerol + 3 fatty acids → lipid molecule
  • Nitrate ions + glucose → amino acids → proteins
37
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A

Respiration with oxygen present

38
Q

What is anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration without oxygen- incomplete breakdown of glucose

39
Q

Disadvantages of anaerobic respiration + why

A

Doesnt transfer as much energy as glucos no fully oxidised, and lactic acid causes muscle fatigue

40
Q

Plant and yeast anaerobic respiration

A

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

41
Q

Name of anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

Fermentation

42
Q

why do you respire when doing exercise

A

Muscles contract more so ore energy needed

43
Q

Why breathing rate and volume increase when exercising

A

To get more oxygen into the blood

44
Q

why heart rate increases when exercising

A

To get more oxygenated blood around body faster and remove carbon dioxide faster

45
Q

2 ways to remove actic acid

A
  • Oxygen combining with it to produce harmless CO2 and water
  • Blood to liver to convert it back to glucose
46
Q

1 way to control greenouse temp in winter

A

Heater

47
Q

1 way to control grennouse temp in summer

A

Ventilation

48
Q

1 way to control greenhouse light intensity at night

A

Artificial light

49
Q

1 way to control greenhouse CO2 levels + how it works

A

parafin heater - when burns, CO2 is a by-product

50
Q

What happens to mucles when become fatigued

A

They stop contracting as efficiently

Biology (9 decks)

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