Topic 4 - Elements Flashcards Preview

Grace Chemistry IGCSE > Topic 4 - Elements > Flashcards

Flashcards in Topic 4 - Elements Deck (17)
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1
Q

Define element

A

A substance containing only one type of atom

2
Q

Describe metals

A
  • shiny
  • malleable, ductile
  • conduct electricity and heat well
  • high melting points
  • high density
  • hard
3
Q

Describe non-metals

A
  • dull appearance
  • not malleable or ductile
  • conduct electricity and heat badly
  • low melting point
  • low density
  • brittle
4
Q

Name the diatomic elements

A
Bromine
Oxygen
Chlorine
Iodine
Hydrogen
Astatine
Nitrogen
Fluorine
5
Q

Describe the percentages of gases in air

A

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Argon - 1%
Carbon dioxide - 0.04%

6
Q

Describe the phosphorus test for the percentage of oxygen in air

A

1) Fill a gas syringe will 100cm3 of air and pass it across heated phosphorus in the centre to an empty gas syringe
2) the oxygen in the air reacts with the phosphorus, so the volume left over is everything in the air excepting oxygen

7
Q

Describe the iron experiment to find the percentage of oxygen in air

A

1) soak some iron wool in acetic acid (to catalyse the reaction). Then push the wool into a measuring cylinder and invert the measuring cylinder into a beaker of water
2) record the starting position of the water using the scale on the measuring cylinder - this is the starting volume of air
3) over time, the level of the water in the measuring cylinder will rise
4) this is because the Ron reacts with the oxygen the air to make iron oxide- the water rises to fill the space which the water took up
5) leave the measuring cylinder for around a week or until the water level stops changing
6) record the finishing position of the water - this is the final volume of air
7) calculate percentage by subtracting the final volume from the initial volume, dividing by the start volume and multiplying by 100

8
Q

Describe the practical for the preparation of oxygen

A
Put H202 (hydrogen peroxide) in a conical flask with the catalyst MnO2 (manganese IV oxide) 
Bung the top of a conical flask and run a delivery tube from inside the conical flask to an upside down test tube that is underwater to collect the O2
Equation: 2H202 -> 2H20 + O2
9
Q

What is the test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint relights

10
Q

Describe the general formula for oxygen reacting with elements

A

Oxygen + element -> element oxide

11
Q

Describe the equation and observations of the reaction of magnesium and oxygen

A

Equation: 2Mg(s) + 02(g) -> MgO (s)
Observations: bright white flame, white powder formed (which is slightly alkaline when dissolved in water)

12
Q

Describe the equation and observations for the reaction between sulphur and and oxygen

A

Equation: S(s) + O2 (g) -> SO2 (g)
Observation: pale blue flame
Sulphur dioxide is acidic when dissolved in water

13
Q

Describe the equation and observations of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen

A

2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(g)
• burns very easily, can be explosive, squeaky pop
• orangey/yellow flame

14
Q

Describe metal oxides

A

They are basic

15
Q

Describe non-metal oxides

A

They are acidic

16
Q

What is the cause of acid rain?

A

Nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxides released by fuel combustion

17
Q

Why is acid rain bad?

A
  • makes water bodies acidic, killing aquatic life
  • damages buildings, corrodes limestone
  • damages waxy cuticles of trees, making it more difficult for them to absorb nutrients