Topic 4 Families Demography Flashcards
(34 cards)
Define birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
What are the 4 reasons for a decline in birth rate
Changes in Womens Position
Decline in Infant Mortality Rate
Children are now an Economic Liability
Child Centredness
Who states that the education of women is the most important reason for the fall in birth rates
Harper
Name 3 of the major changes in women’s position that may have led to lower birth rates
Legal Equality with men e.g right to vote
More women in paid employment
Easier access to divorce
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
The number of infants who die before their first birthday
Who States that a fall in the IMR leads to a fall in the birth rate
Harper
State 3 reasons why the UKs IMR has began to fall
Better nutrition
Better knowledge of hygiene
Improved housing and Sanitation
State 2 reasons why children are no longer an economic asset
Laws
Changing norms
Name 3 aspects of society that a fall in birth rates affect
Family
Dependency Ratio
Public services and policies
What does a fall in birth rate mean for families
Women are more likely working due to smaller families
Define the dependency ratio
The relationship between the size of the working part of the population and the size of the non working part of the population
How does a fall in birth rate reduce the burden of dependency
As there are less non working children
Would a fall in birth rates increase or decrease the ageing population
Increase
What is meant by an ageing population
That there are more older people than younger people
Name 4 social factors that may have resulted in a decline in the death rate
Improved nutrition
Medical Improvements
Smoking and Diet
Public Health Measures
Who argues that improved nutrition accounted for up to half the reduction in death rates
McKeown
What does Mckeown fail to explain in his explanation as to why nutrition has led to a decline in death rates
Doesnt explain why deaths from diseases such as measles and diarrhoea increased
Who states that the greatest fall in death rates came from a reduction in people smoking
Harper
Name 3 examples of public health measures that have led to a decline in the death rate
Improvements in housing
Purer drinking water
Improved sewage disposal
Define life expectancy
How long on average a person born in a given year can expect to live
Has life expectancy decreased or increased
Increased
Which gender has a higher life expectancy
Women
Which class have a higher life expectancy
M/C
What England statistics does Walker bring that shows class differences in life expectancy
Those living in poorer areas in England die on average 7 years earlier than those in richer areas
