Topic 4 - Natural selection & Genetic modification Flashcards Preview

Biology > Topic 4 - Natural selection & Genetic modification > Flashcards

Flashcards in Topic 4 - Natural selection & Genetic modification Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

def of species

A

‘A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another, producing offspring that can also reproduce’?

2
Q

What is the scientific name for the modern human species?

A

homo sapiens

3
Q

From what type of creatures are modern humans thought to have evolved?

A

apes

4
Q

What are the remains of organisms that have been turned into rock called?

A

fossiles

5
Q

Which substances did early human-like animals make tools out of?

A

wood/stone

6
Q

Why do we only find the stone tools now?

A

wooden ones have rotted

7
Q

Which of these three species is most closely related to modern humans, and how can you tell: homo habilis, Australopithecus afarensis, Ardipithecus ramidus?

A

Homo habilis, because the first word of its scientific name is the same as that of modern humans.

8
Q

On which continent are the oldest human-like fossils found?

A

africa

9
Q

evolution def

A

‘A gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time’

10
Q

Where does the evidence come from that humans evolved?

A

fossils, stone tools

11
Q

Over how many years can scientists trace human evolution?

A

4-5 million years

12
Q

variation def

A

differences in characteristics between two organisms

13
Q

What is the name of the scientist who is most well known for developing a theory about evolution?

A

charles darwin

14
Q

what environmental change resulted in elephants large ears

A

increase in temp

15
Q

environmental change that resulted in woolly mammoths hairiness

A

decrease in temp

16
Q

how did darwin explain how evolution occurs?

A

natural selection

17
Q

what kingdoms are there

A

plants, animals,fungi,protists,prokaryotes

18
Q

how are bacteria cells different to other cells

A

no nucleus
no chromosomes
no mitochondria

19
Q

artifical selection def

A

humans choosing certain organisms because they have useful characteristics

20
Q

selective breeding def

A

new breeds of organisms are created using artificial selection

21
Q

whats a genome

A

all the DNA present in an organism

22
Q

whats genetic engineering

A

process in which genes from one organism are transferred into the genome of another organism

23
Q

suggest a characteristic that would be useful in a new breed of sheep

A

disease resistant, more wool

24
Q

Darwin’s theory?

A

That the strongest species will survive, and good genes passed to offspring. (Survival of the fittest)