Topic 8 - Exchange and Transport in animals

Question 1

What do we mean when we talk about the concentration of a substance?

Answer 1

The amount of substance in a certain volume

Question 2

What’s diffusion

Answer 2

The process when particles move from a place of greater concentration to lower concentration

Question 3

In diffusion, do particles move up or down a concentration gradient?

Answer 3

Down

Question 4

For what process in the body do we need oxygen?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration

Question 5

What gases are exchanged in the lungs

Answer 5

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

What molecule is used to carry oxygen to the red blood cells?

Answer 6

Haemoglobin

Question 7

what’s units would be used for surface area?

Answer 7

Cm squared

Question 8

Units for volume

Answer 8

Cm cubed

Question 9

A cells surface area is: 24cm squared and volume is: 8cm cubed.
What’s the surface area of surface area : volume

Answer 9

3 : 1

Question 10

How are lungs adapted to efficient gas exchange?

Answer 10

Large surface area/alveoli

Question 11

What gas is transported into the blood using gas exchange?

Answer 11

Oxygen

Question 12

How are alveoli adapted to their function?

Answer 12

Large surface area & thin walls

Question 13

For what process does the body need glucose?

Answer 13

Respiration

Question 14

By what transport method do carbon dioxide molecules move from the blood to the lungs?

Answer 14

Diffusion

Question 15

Cubes volume: 1000cm cubed, surface area: 600cm squared.

Ratio of surface area : volume

Answer 15

3:5

Question 16

How is the concentration gradient of oxygen between the inside and the outside of a capillary maintained?

Answer 16

By the flow of blood

Question 17

Concentration units

Answer 17

G/cm cubed

Question 18

Which organ excretes carbon dioxide in humans?

Answer 18

Lungs

Question 19

Where does carbon dioxide excretion occur?

Answer 19

Alveoli

Question 20

Why do alveoli have walls that are only one cell thick?

Answer 20

To increase the rate of diffusion

Question 21

Which organ excretes urea in humans?

Answer 21

Kidneys

Question 22

Does diffusion happen up or down a concentration gradient?

Answer 22

Down

Question 23

What are the smallest blood vessels in the body called?

Answer 23

Capillaries

Question 24

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 24

Arteries

Question 25

What’s the function of the erythrocyte?

Answer 25

To carry oxygen

Question 26

Which blood vessels take blood away from the heart

Answer 26

Arteries

Question 27

Which blood vessels have thick, elastic walls?

Answer 27

Arteries

Question 28

Which blood vessels contain valves?

Answer 28

Veins

Question 29

Which blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen

Answer 29

Red blood cells

Question 30

Which blood cells engulf and digest cells

Answer 30

Phagocytes

Question 31

Which component of the blood carries urea?

Answer 31

Plasma

Question 32

What helps to push blood along veins in the legs?

Answer 32

Skeletal muscles

Question 33

How many chambers does a human heart have?

Answer 33

Four

Question 34

What happens when blood is prevented from reaching the heart muscle?

Answer 34

Heart attack

Question 35

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 35

Ventricles

Question 36

What stops blood flowing the wrong way into the heart?

Answer 36

Valves

Question 37

Which side of the heart has the thicker muscle walls

Answer 37

Left side

Question 38

What parts of the body does the right side of the heart supply with blood?

Answer 38

Lungs

Question 39

Which blood vessel carries blood to the left atrium from the lungs?

Answer 39

Pulmonary vein

Question 40

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry

Answer 40

Deoxygenated

Question 41

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 41

Cells in the tissue need more oxygen/glucose

Question 42

What element does aerobic respiration need that anaerobic respiration does not?

Answer 42

Oxygen

Question 43

How do you work out cardiac output?

Answer 43

times the two numbers

Question 44

What happens to energy in an exothermic reaction?

Answer 44

It is transferred to the surroundings.