Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology

Question 1

What does a microscope do?

Answer 1

Makes small objects appear larger

Question 2

What part of a microscope do you look through?

Answer 2

eyepiece lens

Question 3

Which part of a microscope do you use to get a clear image?

Answer 3

the focusing wheel

Question 4

If an average height person in year 10 is magnified 600 times, how tall will they be compared to a building which is 828m tall?

Answer 4

same height: 828m

Question 5

Order these in biggest-smallest: atom, animal cell, cell nucleus, muscle tissue, protein molecule, water molecule.

Answer 5

biggest: muscle tissue, animal cell, cell nucleus, protein molecule, water molecule, atom

Question 6

A microscope has a x5 eyepiece lens and a x5 objective lens. What’s the total magnification?

Answer 6

5 x 5 = 25

Question 7

A human hair has a width of 100 um but appears 20 mm wide in a photo. What’s the magnification in the photo?

Answer 7

200 x 20= 20,000

um:20,000 / 100 = 200

Question 8

How many millimetres are there in a meter?

Answer 8

1000

Question 9

What unit is 1000 times smaller then a mm?

Answer 9

micrometer, um

Question 10

Nanometer symbol

Answer 10

nm

Question 11

Whats an estimation?

Answer 11

an approximate value

Question 12

Name one part you could find in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

Answer 12

cell wall
chloroplasts
permanent vacuole

Question 13

what process happens in mitochondrion

Answer 13

aerobic respiration

Question 14

what is one function of a plant cell’s permanent vacuole?

Answer 14

keep the cell rigid

store substances

Question 15

in which part of a plant cell is cell sap stored

Answer 15

vacuole

Question 16

which part of a cell do you find the chromosomes

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

when you look down a microscope, what is the area you see called?

Answer 17

field of view

Question 18

why can an electron microscope detect smaller structures in cells than a light microscope?

Answer 18

it has a better magnification and better resolution

Question 19

what is a picture taken with a microscope called?

Answer 19

micrograph

Question 20

list 3 sub-cellular structures that are usually found in animal cells

Answer 20

cell membrane
nucleus
mitochondria

Question 21

list three things found in plant cells but not in animal cells

Answer 21

vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

Question 22

which cell structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?

Answer 22

cell membrane

Question 23

which cell structure controls how the cell works

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

which cell structure does respiration mainly take place?

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

which plant cell structure contains chlorophyll?

Answer 25

chloroplasts

Question 26

what is the function of the structure that surrounds plant cells, but not animal cells

Answer 26

supports and protects the cell

Question 27

whats the function of chlorophyll

Answer 27

capture light energy for photosynthesis

Question 28

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 28

manufacture of proteins

Question 29

what are gametes

Answer 29

sex cells

Question 30

a bacterium is 20um long. How long is it in meters?

Answer 30

0.00002m

Question 31

a bacterium is 5um wide. How wide is it in nanometers?

Answer 31

500nm

Question 32

what part of an animal cell controls the cells activities?

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

what do ribosomes make?

Answer 33

proteins

Question 34

name one part that a plant cell might have but an animal cell would not have

Answer 34

chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall

Question 35

what do bacteria use to move?

Answer 35

flagella

Question 36

what word describes bacteria cells?

Answer 36

prokaryotic

Question 37

name one structure that an animal cell would have but a bacteria cell wouldn't what

Answer 37

nucleus, mitochondria

Question 38

name substances that might be found in a cytoplasm of an egg cell to provide energy

Answer 38

fat, oil, lipid

Question 39

in which system of the body is food broken down in

Answer 39

digestive system

Question 40

why do we need to break down our food?

Answer 40

because the molecules in food are too large to cross cell membanes

Question 41

in which organ of the body is digested food absorbed?

Answer 41

small intestine

Question 42

which group of molecules help to digest food?

Answer 42

enzymes

Question 43

examples of enzymes

Answer 43

amylase, protease, lipase

Question 44

what does a sperm cell use for enzymes?

Answer 44

to digest a path through the jelly layer coat of the egg cell

Question 45

do plant contain enzymes?

Answer 45

yes- they control many reactions inside plant cells

Question 46

why are proteins and carbohydrates polymers?

Answer 46

they are made up of many similar molecules/monomers

Question 47

which monomers make up starch?

Answer 47

glucose

Question 48

which monomers make up a protein?

Answer 48

amino acids

Question 49

what are enzyme carbohydrates?

Answer 49

proteins

Question 50

what are fats and oils examples of

Answer 50

lipids

Question 51

foods that contain starch?

Answer 51

potato, bread, rice, pasta

Question 52

how does mitochondria provide energy?

Answer 52

break down molecules from food to release energy

Question 53

what small molecules make up carbohydrates?

Answer 53

simple sugars e.g: glucose

Question 54

what molecules form lipids

Answer 54

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 55

what are subunits?

Answer 55

small molecules

Question 56

which kind of large biological molecules are enzymes?

Answer 56

proteins

Question 57

which subunits make up enzymes?

Answer 57

amino acids

Question 58

where is amylase found?

Answer 58

mouth/salivary glands | found in small intestine/pancreas

Question 59

whats a catalyst

Answer 59

molecule that speeds up rate of reaction

Question 60

why are enzymes called biological catalysts?

Answer 60

they are molecules found inside living organisms that speed up the rate of reaction

Question 61

what is a substrate?

Answer 61

a molecule that is changed in a reaction

Question 62

what is the substrate for amylase?

Answer 62

starch

Question 63

starch synthase is an enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of starch. what doe this mean?

Answer 63

the enzymes combines with all small sugar molecules and helps them join together to form starch

Question 64

what are the subunits of enzymes?

Answer 64

amino acids

Question 65

why do different enymes have different 3D shapes?

Answer 65

the amino acids are arranged in a different order in different proteins

Question 66

which kind of large organic molecule does a protease digest?

Answer 66

proteins

Question 67

which kind of enzyme would beak down a food stain made by oil?

Answer 67

lipase?

Question 68

what is the name of the part of an enzyme into which the substrate fits?

Answer 68

active site

Question 69

why do most enzymes only work with one substrate?

Answer 69

only substrates with the same shape as the active site can sit in the site and take part in the reaction

Question 70

enzymes are specific to their substrate. what does this mean?

Answer 70

the enzymes will only work with particular substrates

Question 71

what does denatured mean

Answer 71

an enzyme in which the active site has permanently changed shape

Question 72

give two examples of changes in the cell environment that could cause the active site to change shape.

Answer 72

pH | temperature

Question 73

which cell structure surrounds every kind of cell?

Answer 73

cell surface membrane

Question 74

what is the function of the cell surface membrane?

Answer 74

control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 75

name one gas that a cell needs to take in from its surroundings

Answer 75

oxygen needed for respiration | carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis

Question 76

name one other substance that a cell needs to take in from its surroundings

Answer 76

glucose/sugar for respiration

Question 77

carbon dioxide is produced inside a cell and moves out of the cell by diffusion. what does this mean?

Answer 77

there is an overall movement of gas particles from a high concentration to low

Question 78

name a substance that is made inside a cell and leaves the cell

Answer 78

enzymes/hormones

Question 79

what do plants take in from soil through their roots?

Answer 79

water & dissolved mineral salts

Question 80

there is a 5% sucrose solution and a 10% sucrose solution. which is a higher concentration?

Answer 80

10% solution

Question 81

two beakers contain the same volume of solution. One is a 10% sodium chloride solution, the other 5% sodium chloride solution. Which beaker contains more water molecules

Answer 81

5% solution

Question 82

Independent variable

Answer 82

The variable that is changed during a science experiment

Question 83

Dependent variable

Answer 83

The variable being tested or measured during a scientific experiment

Question 84

Controll variable

Answer 84

A variable that is kept the same during a scientific experiment

Question 85

What colour does iodine turn if starch is present

Answer 85

Blue/black

Question 86

What is the function of Chromosomal dna

Answer 86

Controls cell activity and replication

Question 87

What is the function of plasmid dna

Answer 87

Contain genes

Question 88

Order of conversion

Answer 88

Nm

Question 89

Lipase

Answer 89

Breaks down fats and glycerol

Question 90

Test for lipase

Answer 90

Ethonal

Question 91

Protease

Answer 91

Breaks down proteins to amino acids

Question 92

Test for protease

Answer 92

Biruit solution (blue to purple)