Topic 5 Flashcards
(53 cards)
What were the Catholic elements of the religious settlement?
Included vestamonts
Decorated churches
Fined for recusants
What do you need to know about Mary Queen of Scots?
She is a LEGITIMATE Tudor
She had 1 son- James, who was raised as a Protestant by Scottish nobles
What was Mary Stuart’s early life like?
She was born in 1542
In 1548, she was sent to Catholic France, where she was brought up and educated
When she was 15, she was married to Prince Franchise in 1559- only for him to die in 1560
Who were Mary QoS’s husbands?
Mary and Darnley (Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley)
Mary and Bothwell
What was the relationship between Mary and Darnley?
They married in 1565- in 1566, James VI of Scotland was born
It was an unhappy marriage- Darnley was very jealous, and his Italian secretary (David Rizzio) was friendly to Mary
9th March 1566- Darnley and his friends murdered Rizzio by stabbing him
9th February 1567- Darnley became sick with (assumed) smallpox- at 2am, there was a huge explosion at Kirk O’field, where Darnley was at
His body was found, but he was clearly strangled
What was the relationship between Mary and Bothwell?
She became friendly with James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell
Bothwell was accused of Darnley’s murder, but found not guilty
3 months later, Mary got married to Bothwell
What was Mary’s abdication like?
Mary’s Lords rebelled against her, and she was imprisoned at Loch Leven, and she was forced to abdicate in 1567
1567- Mary escaped Loch Leven
May 1568- Mary fled to England
Bothwell fled to Scandinavia, but was caught in Norway and never seen again
MARY ENTERS ENGLAND IN 1568
Mary hopes that Elizabeth would help her get the Scottish throne back
How did Elizabeth react to Mary’s arrival?
She was put in house arrest in the North of England
She was moved regularly and had no visitors so there wasn’t time to plot
She was in house arrest for 19 years- from 1568-1587
What can be used to describe the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
A POORLY PLANNED PLOT
Where in the order of the Catholic plots was the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
1st
What were the causes of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
The arrival of Mary in 1568 gave hope to many English Catholics
The Catholics wanted a Catholic monarch and to restore Catholicism
‘Old money’ nobles now had less power since Elizabeth had appointed a loyal Council of the North to govern instead, and these members were all loyal Protestants
Elizabeth had taken land from the Earls- e.g. The Earl of Northumberland lost access to copper, and suffered financial hardship
Who were the leaders of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls and how could you describe their families?
They were all POWERFUL, ANCIENT families
Neville (Earl of Westmorland)
Percy (Earl of Northumberland)
Howard (Duke of Norfolk)
How was the Duke of Norfolk involved in the plan and what was his relationship to Elizabeth?
Howard was a distant relative of Elizabeth
The plan was to marry him to Mary
What led the Dukes to rebel (what happened to their plan)?
Their secret plan was found out, but they didn’t attend when summoned to court because they thought they’d face imprisonment and death
Instead, this led them to think the only option was to revolt
What happened during the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
The plan was for Mary to marry Norfolk
Mary secretly supported the plan
Dudley finds out about the plan and arrests Norfolk
Westmoreland and Northumberland raised an army of AROUND 4600 MEN, all local peasants
The army marched around and held Catholic mass in Durham- they also tore up the English Book of Common Prayers and the Bible- a sign of rejection to the settlement
When the Queen sent forces North, the two leaders retreated until January 1570
When was the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
1569 to 1570
Why did the Rebellion of the Northern Earls fail?
They had no support form certain places in the North
The people wanted stability, not a rebellion
Support from the Spanish was promised, but never arrived
Fear that Mary Stuart would become like Mary I (take all Protestant’s land, etc.)
Mary was moved to Coventry, which was the centre of Protestantism
Norfolk was bragging about the plan, which is how it was found out
What was the consequences of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
Mary Queen of Scots cannot be trusted
The loyalty of Catholics were doubted
Pope excommunicates Elizabeth (and thus, the entirety of England)- and openly encouraged Catholics to overthrow her
Northumberland was executed
Westmoreland fled and dies in poverty
Norfolk was pardoned
What was the Excommunication of Elizabeth?
Pope issued the PAPAL BULL in 1570
Elizabeth was a “servant of wickedness”, according to the Pope
Pope calls upon Catholics to remove her from the throne
Anyone who attempted to remove Elizabeth from the throne would go to heaven
When was the Papal Bull?
February 1570
What was the Treason Act and when was it passed?
Passed in 1571
It was treason to declare Elizabeth wasn’t the lawful queen
Treason to reprint or repeat any part of the Papal Bull
Catholicos who fled England for over twelve months had their property confiscated
When was the Ridolfi Plot and where was it in the order of Catholic Plots?
It was in 1571, and it’s the second plot
What can you describe the Ridolfi Plot as?
A POORLY PLANNED PLOT
Who were the leaders of the Ridolfi Plot and what did they do?
Roberto di Ridolfi= Italian Catholic banker
Duke of Norfolk
Philip II of Spain
The Pope
De Specs (Spanish Ambassador)
