Topic 7 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Who/ what was the Puritans?
They were a minority group of extremist Protestants
Most gentry, some nobles
Examples are Robert Dudley (more nonchalant) and Francis Walsingham (who was stricter)
What beliefs did the Puritans have?
They were extreme Protestant
They wanted equality in Church- e.g. no bishops and no heirachy in Churches
Inspired by the beliefs of Martin Luther and the more extreme John Calvin
Believed the Religious Settlement was incomplete
Wanted to remove all elements of Catholicism
What were the beliefs of Puritans?
Plain churches
Simple Church services, no music
Simple and plain clothes
Preachers to wear plain, black gowns
What were Puritans opposed to?
Paintings, statues, stained glass windows, colourful altar cloths, organs (the instruments)
Sunday wasn’t for sports or games
No drunkeness, gambling or swearing
No enjoyment- no dancing, drinking or visiting theatres
Didn’t agree with the Church- it was too Catholic
Bowing when the Elizabethan name of Jesus was said
Kneeling to receive communion
Giving a ring during the marriage ceremony
Marking of the sign of cross during baptism
Celebration of saints’ days
What were the three types of Puritans?
Moderate Puritans
Presbyterians
Separatists
What did moderate puritans believe in?
Accepted the religious settlement, but wanted a further reform to “purify” the Church (e.g. no vestamonts, stained glass windows)
What did Presbyterians believe in?
Wanted further reform. Simple services and each church to be run by an elected committee of Presbyters
What did the separatists believe in?
Most radical Puritans group. Wanted to be independent and run it’s affairs without the interference of the Queen’s government
What are prophesyings?
A meeting of Puritans that intended to ‘improve’ clergies and pray and read sermons
Who was Grindal, what did Elizabeth order him to do, what did he do and how did Elizabeth react?
Archbishop of Canterbury
Ban prophesyings
He was sympathetic and refused to publicly denounce the prophesyings
Elizabeth placed him under house arrest and his position was suspended (she couldn’t kill him)
What did John Whitgift do to the Presbyterian church?
Also a member of the Privy Council
No sympathy for Puritan beliefs (especially Presbyterians)
He issued 3 articles- Acceptance of bishops, acceptance of everything included in the Book of Common Prayers, acceptance of the thirty nine articles
What was the aim of the separatists?
To leave the Church and set up their own puritan church
Who was Robert Browne, what did he do and how was he punished?
He was the main leader of the separatist movement, and set up a separatist congregation in Norwich
He was imprisoned and upon release, he emigrated to Holland
What are three other leaders of the separatists?
Henry Barrow
John Copping
John Greenwood
How did the government react to the production of the Marprelate Tracts?
Linked Puritanism to separatism- linked to treason.
Those who were suspected of being separatists were executed
How did the Act against Seditious (writing/ saying malicious aimed to undermine authority) Sectaries end the separatist movement?
Henry Barrow, John Greenwood along with John Penry were arrested and executed- this ended the separatist movement
What was the Vestments Controversy and when was it?
1566
Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, issued a ‘Book of Advertisements’ which laid down the rules for the conducting of services and the wearing of vestments
Many Puritan priests refused to follow these- they believed the vestments were too catholic
38 Puritan Priests were dismissed
Thomas Cartwright- what did he do, when did he do it and what were the consequences?
In 1570
Cartwright, a professor at Cambridge, gave a series of lectures that called for a further reform of the Church to a Presbyterian one
Suggested changes like- no bishops and the election of ministers by the church’s own congregation
He was fired and fled to Genova
John Stubbs- what did he do, when did he do it and what were the consequences?
In 1579
Wrote a pamphlet that criticised the queen for engaging in marriage talks with the Duke of Anjou, a French Roman Catholic who was the brother of the King of France
He had his right hand cut off, his printing presses destroyed and he was imprisoned for 18 months
The marriage talks eventually cut off (not because of this)
The Marprelate Tracts- when was it, what did it do and what was the consequences?
1588-1589
Series of anonymously published pamphlets that attacked the church and its bishops. The content offended many people, and its offensive language made it highly unpopular
It lost support for the Puritans
The writers were never caught
Walter Strickland (MP)- what did he do, when did he do it and what were the consequences?
1571
Called for a new Book of Common Prayers
No vestments, no rings in marriages, no kneeling for communion
Parliament was closed down and he was banned from attending the HoC
Parliament approved of the Thirty Nine Articles= all clergy had to accept all Elizabeth’s rules on religion
Peter Wentworth (MP)- what did he do and what was the consequence?
He complained about the lack of freedom of speech
Locked up in the Tower for 1 month
Parliament was closed down
This would be one of the many times he was locked up for his views
Anthony Cope (MP)- what did he do?
He trie to introduce a bill to reform the Religious Settlement
