Topic 5

Question 1

What hormone lowers glucose levels

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

How are hormones transported through the body?

Answer 2

The blood stream

Question 3

How does insulin lower glucose levels?

Answer 3

• insulin is produced by the pancreas
• it travels through the blood stream to the liver
• it causes the liver to take in glucose and turn it into glycogen

Question 4

When glucose levels are too high how and where is glucose stored in the body?

Answer 4

Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver

Question 5

What cells detect changes in the environment

Answer 5

Receptor cells

Question 6

What is the central nervous system

Answer 6

• the brain and the spinal cord

Question 7

What does the coordination center do?

Answer 7

It coordinates a response

Question 8

Explain the steps that bring about a reflex action(e.g pulling your hand from a hot object )

Answer 8

• receptor detects and change in the environment
• the receptor sends an electrical impluse to the sensory neuron
• the sensory neuron sends the impulse to the relay neuron
• the relay neuron takes the impluse through the central nervous system
• the relay neuron sends the impulse to the motor neuron
• the motor neuron carries the impulse to the effector

Question 9

What is a reflex action?

Answer 9

An unconscious and automatic response to a stimulus

Question 10

What are examples of effectors?

Answer 10

• muscles contracting
• glands secreting hormones

Question 11

What is a synapse?

Answer 11

A gap between neurons

Question 12

What’s is the nickname for the pituitary gland and why is it called this?

Answer 12

• the master gland
• because it secretes several hormones

Question 13

What causes type 1 diabetes?

Answer 13

• the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin

Question 14

What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 14

Insulin injections

Question 15

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 15

• the body cells stop responding to insulin

Question 16

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 16

• exercise
• carbohydrate controlled diet

Question 17

What is the risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

Obesity

Question 19

How long is a woman’s reproductive cycle on average ?

Answer 19

28 days

Question 20

What is ovulation

Answer 20

The process of a mature egg being released

Question 21

What is the role of the hormone FSH?

Answer 21

Causes an egg to mature in the ovary

Question 22

What is the role of LH?

Answer 22

It stimulates an egg to be released

Question 23

What is the role of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 23

• oestrogen thickens the uterus lining
• progesterone helps to maintain the uterus lining

Question 24

How do oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy

Answer 24

• they inhibit the production of FSH
• so no eggs mature

Question 25

How do skin implants or injections prevent pregnancy?

Answer 25

- they release progesterone - this stops eggs from maturing or being released

Question 26

What does spermicide do?

Answer 26

Kills sperm

Question 27

What organ system produces hormones

Answer 27

Endocrine system

Question 28

What is the control variable

Answer 28

The factors that you keep the same

Question 29

What are the dependent variable

Answer 29

The factor that you measure

Question 30

What are independent variables

Answer 30

The factors which you change

Question 31

Give two reasons why scientist would repeat an investigation

Answer 31

To calculate a mean To identify anomalous results

Question 32

List as many methods of contraception as possible

Answer 32

Contraceptive pill, spermicide, condom, coil, hormonal implant, abstaining, tracking cycle