Topic 5 Higher

Question 1

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

To control movement

Question 2

What is the role of cerebral cortex?

Answer 2

Controls higher functions such as personality, intelligence and memory

Question 3

What is the role of the medulla?

Answer 3

To control unconscious processes such as breathing rate

Question 4

How does the eye accommodate to focus on a near object?

Answer 4

• the suspensory ligaments looses
• the ciliary muscles contract
• this causes the lense to the thicken so light is refracted more

Question 5

How does the eye accommodate to focusing on distant objects?

Answer 5

• the suspensory ligaments tighten
• the ciliary muscles relax
• this causes the lense to be pulled thin and refract less light

Question 6

What is myopia?

Answer 6

• short sightedness
• struggle to focus on distant objects

Question 7

What is hyperopia?

Answer 7

• long sightedness
• struggle to focus on near objects

Question 8

How does the body respond when glucose levels are too low?

Answer 8

Glucagon is produced by the pancreas
It travels through the blood stream to the liver
It causes the liver to turn glycogen into glucose
The glucose is released into the blood stream

Question 9

What are the causes of myopia?

Answer 9

• lense is too thick
• eye ball is too long

Question 10

What are the causes of hyperopia

Answer 10

• eye is too short
• lense is too thin

Question 11

What are the potential treatments for poor eyesight

Answer 11

Glasses, contact lenses, lens replacements surgery, laser eye surgery

Question 12

What lense should be used to treat myopia?

Answer 12

Concave lense

Question 13

What does a concave lense do?

Answer 13

Refracts the light outwards

Question 14

What lense should be used ro treat hyperopia?

Answer 14

Convex lense (refracts light inwards)

Question 15

How does the body respond if the body temp is too high?

Answer 15

• blood vessels dilate so that more energy is lost by the surface of the skin
• sweat is produced

Question 16

How does sweat help to cool the body?

Answer 16

The evaporation of sweat creates a cooling effect

Question 17

How does the body respond if the body temp is too low?

Answer 17

• blood vessels constrict so less energy is lost to the surface if the skin
• skeletal muscles contract ( shivering)

Question 18

How is water lost from the body?

Answer 18

• via lungs during exhalation
• from the skin in sweat
• via the kidneys in urine

Question 19

How are amino acids excreted from the body?

Answer 19

They are turned into ammonia in the liver

Question 20

How do the kidneys function?

Answer 20

They first filter the blood
Then they selectively reabsorb useful substances such as glucose, some ions and water

Question 21

How does the body respond when there is insufficient water in the blood (the blood is too concentrated)

Answer 21

• the pituitary gland produced ADH
• the ADH caused the kidney tubules to become more permiable
• this means more water is reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 22

How does the body respond when there is too much water in the blood?

Answer 22

• the pituitary gland produces less ADH
• the kidney tubules become less permiable
• meaning less water is selectively reabsorbed into the blood

Question 23

Where is FSH produced?

Answer 23

The pituitary gland

Question 24

Where is oestrogen produced?

Answer 24

The ovaries

Question 25

Where is LH produced

Answer 25

The pituitary gland

Question 26

Where is progesterone produced

Answer 26

The ovaries

Question 27

What does FSH do ?

Answer 27

- causes eggs to mature - stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 28

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 28

- stops FSH from being produced - thickens the uterus lining - stimulates the pituitary gland to produce LH

Question 29

what does LH do?

Answer 29

- triggers the release of a mature egg

Question 30

What does progesterone do?

Answer 30

Maintains the lining of the uterus

Question 31

What is in the fertility drug given to women during IVF

Answer 31

FSH and LH

Question 32

Explain the steps in IVF.

Answer 32

- a mother is given FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation and release of several eggs - the eggs are collected and fertilised by the sperm of the father in a lab - the fertilised eggs develop into embryos - when the embryos are a tiny ball of cells, 1 or 2 are implanted into the uterus

Question 33

What are the issues with IVF?

Answer 33

- it is very emotionally and physically stressful - the success rates are not high - it can lead to multiple pregnancies (twins) which are a risk to the mother and babies

Question 34

What is the effect of adrenalin?

Answer 34

- increases the heart rate - boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to cells

Question 35

Where is Adrenalin produced?

Answer 35

The adrenal gland

Question 36

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 36

The thyroid

Question 37

What is the effect if thyroxine?

Answer 37

- stimulates the basal metabolic rate

Question 38

What is phototropism?

Answer 38

- a plants growth response to light

Question 39

What is gravitropism?

Answer 39

- a plants growth response to gravity

Question 40

What is the role of giberellins?

Answer 40

Initiating seed germination

Question 41

What is the role of ethene?

Answer 41

Controls cell division and ripening of fruits

Question 42

What is the effect of auxin on shoots?

Answer 42

- auxin collects on the side with less light - auxin promotes the growth of cells - this causes them to grow towards the light

Question 43

What is the effect of auxin in roots?

Answer 43

- auxin inhibits growth