Topic 5: Depth and Size Flashcards Preview

PSYC 317 Midterm 2 > Topic 5: Depth and Size > Flashcards

Flashcards in Topic 5: Depth and Size Deck (21)
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1
Q

how do we perceive depth?

A

distal stim is 3d object in space
proximal stim is 2d image on retina
all distance/size leads to same size on retina

2
Q

convergence

accomodation

A

inward movement of eyes when we focus on nearby objects, parallel when far away
-shape of lens when we focus on objects at different distances (flat when object is close - bends light)

3
Q

Relative depth

actual depth

A

depth of objects compared to one another

-distance of object from observer

4
Q

occlusion

relative height

A
  • when object partially covers another, we think object blocking is closer at any distance
  • objects closer to the horizon line appear more distant
5
Q

familiar size

relative size

A

distance info is based on our knowledge of object size

-for objects of equal size closer one takes up more of visual field

6
Q

perspective convergence

atmospheric perspective

A

parallel lines appear to come together in the distance

-distant objects are fuzzier and have a blue tint

7
Q

texture gradient

A

equally spaced elements seem more closely packed as distance increases - cranberry example
-lower frequency in foreground

8
Q

shadows

A

indicate where objects are located

where shadow is can change perception of depth even if they are actually at the same depth

9
Q

motion parallax

A

close objects glide past rapidly but distant objects appear to move slowly
on orthogonal plane
you dont have to be moving

10
Q

deletion and accretion

A

objects are covered (deletion) or uncovered (accretion) as we move relative to them or they move relative to us

11
Q

stereoscopic depth perception

binocular disparity

A

depth perception created by both eyes, phenomology is very different from monocular depth perception
-difference in images on L and R retinas, different POV for the 2 eyes

12
Q

corresponding and noncorresponding retinal points

A

object ON horopter fall on corresponding points

-objects OFF horopter fall on noncorresponding points

13
Q

uncrossed disparity

crossed disparity

A

causes images on both retinas to move nasally relative to location of images on objects on horopter
-objects closer on horopter will move temporally on both retinas compared to objects on horopter

14
Q

absolute disparity

relative disparity

A
  • angle from corresponding point, determines from horopter and changes with gaze
  • differences in disparities between objects, determines distance between objects and unchanged with gaze
15
Q

stereopsis

correspondence problem

A

perception of depth due to binocular disparity

  • random dot stereogram, autostereogram, animated autosterogram
  • how to match 2 points on retinal images - use features of objects
16
Q

relationship of depth and size

A

-a small near object and large distant object can have identical visual angles and retinal images
size constancy

17
Q

size-distance scaling

A
S=K(RxD)
s=perceived distance
D= perceived distance
R= size of retinal image
K= constant
18
Q

ponzo illusion

ames room

A

same size on page but different perceived size due to different perceived depth

  • retinal image (R) is the same but perceived distance (D) is different
  • brain assumes walls will be the same size and overrides changing size of people - assumption of parallel walls
19
Q

dorsal and ventral stream

A

absolute disparity and guiding action

-relative disparity and ID obects

20
Q

anagylph

polarized

A
  • uses coloured lenses to deliver one image to each eye

- deliver image to one eye in orthogonal direction, one is horizontal and other is vertical

21
Q

active shutter
interference filter technology
parallax barrier technology

A

uses LCD lenses to open/close in turn
-using different wavelengths to create independent images (IMAX)
use tiny barriers to allow one image per eye (Nintendo 3ds)