Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

1
Q

ethene

A

fruit ripening
- easier to ship unripened fruit e.g. bananas without damaging them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gibberelins

A

-seedless fruit
- bigger fruit ( less flowers grown so less fruit but bigger fruit )
- seeds naturally produce gibberelins to start germination, but a long period of darkness of cold is needed before they can germenate but plant growers can over come this problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

auxins

A
  • found in rooting powder
  • allow root cuttings to develop quickly

selective weed killer
contain auxin
it kills leaves with a broad shape e.g. dandelions but not crops with narrow leaves, therefore killing weeds without damaging crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Auxins in the root

A

In the root, the auxin collects on the lower side, slowing down or inhibiting cell elongation. The cells on the upper side will continue to elongate, causing the root to grow downwards towards gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ausins in the shoot

A

Auxin moves to to lower, side. The ausins cause the cells to elongate more on the lower side than the upper side, so the shoot will grow upwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rolls up

A

reducing the surface area
so reduces rate of evaporation/ transpiration

also helps trapping water vapour inside so decreases the concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stomata in pits

A

no stomata on the upper surface so less water is lost

water vapour collects in pits decreasing transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

leaf hairs

A

traps water vapour so decreasing rate of transpiration

hairs also reduce air movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thick cuticle

A

reduce transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stem

A

stores water
allows easy movement of water through cells / they can expand easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

long wide roots

A

increases surface area for uptake of water
near surface so it can absorb water when rains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

photosynthesis

A

a plant carries out photosynthesis in it’s leaves
it absorbs water and co2 and produces o2 and glucose
light is essential and is absorbed into teh chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

uses for glucose

A

-respiration
-make teh cellulose in cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

starch made up from

A

made up of glucose molecules that are linked together forming a polymer which is stored in the chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

boil the leaf in water

A

to denature teh enzymes stopping photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

placing the leaf in ethanol

A

decolourising the leaf because it doesn’t decolorise in water
dissolves chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

dip leaf into warm water

A

to make the leaf soft so it can be layed out on the tile and the iodine can penetrate it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is photosynthesis endothermic

A

it takes in light energy from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

large broad leaves

A

larger surface area for absorbition of light and co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thin

A

so co2 can diffuse across only a short distance to reach the inner cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

large air spaces between cells inside the leaf

A

allows co2 to diffuse quickly without passing through many cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

many stomata on the lower surface

A

the pores allow co2 to enter and o2 to leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

many chloroplasts

A

contain chloropyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

palisade cells are arranged lengthways

A

this allows more cells t be packed into the top of the layer so more chloroplasts to absorb more light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
biomass
total mass of living material
26
photosynthetic organisms start the food chain
teh energy in teh biomass is transferred to the next organism in the food chain when it's consumed
27
light intensity
inversely proportianl to the square of the distance
28
limitting factors
co2 concentration light intensity temperature
29
root hair cell adaptaions
- long so have a large surface area so can absorb more mineral ions and water - many mitochondria needed for the active transport of minerals - think cell wall so the diffusion distance is short
30
process of photosynthesis
plants carry out photosynthesis in their leaves. The leaf absorbs co2 and h2o to produce glucose and o2. Light is essential and is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
31
uses for glucose
- respiration - makes cellulose for cell walls
32
starch
starch is made from glucose molecules that are linked together forming a polymer called starch. It's stored in the chloroplasts
33
leaves that have chlorophyll missing in parts
variegated leaves
34
boil the leaf in water
stop photosynthesis by denaturing enzymes
35
place leaf in ethanol
so chlorophyl dissolves decolourising it since it doesn't dissolve in water
36
dip the leaf in warm water
to make the leaf soft so it can be played on the tile and the iodine can penetrate it
37
why is photosynthesis endothermic
it absorbs light energy from the sun
38
leaves have a broad shape
to absorb light and co2 larger surface
39
thin
shorter distance for co2 to diffuse to reach the inner cells
40
large air spaces between cells in leaf
co2 can diffuse faster as it doesn't have to pass through many cells
41
many stomata on lower surface
te pores allow o2 to leave and co2 to enter
42
palisade cells arranged lengthways
allows more cells to be packed into the top layer therefore more chloroplasts to absorb light
43
photosynthetic organisms
main producers start of the food chain the energy in biomass is transferred to the next organism in the food chain when it's consumed
44
inverse square law
light intensity is inversely propirtianal to the square of the distance from light source light intensity ∝ 1/d2
45
limiting factors
- co2 level - light intensity - temperature
46
y do plants need minerals
for healthy growth
47
magnesium is needed
- to make chlorophyll - without it leaves turn yellow
48
nitrate needed
- to make amino acids for synthesis of protein - stunted growth
49
why are there many air spaces in the soil
contain oxygen which is essential to respiration
50
how does water enter a root hair cell and transported across the cell towards the xylem
water enters the root hair cell by osmosis and travels from one cell to another through the cytoplasm, vacuole and cell membrane by osmosis until it reaches the xylem water can also enter by diffusion through the cell walls
51
the moment of water through the plant
transpiration stream
52
xylem vessels
- transport water and mineral ions - unidirectional - contains lignin - dead cells - continuous hollow tube - thick walls
53
phloem vessels
- transport sucrose - bidirectional - end walls called sieve plates - living cells as they contain cytoplasm - thin walls
54
xylem vessel adaptations
- walls contain lignin making it waterproof and strong - no end walls allowing water and mineral ions to move upwards without being stopped
55
phloem vessels adaptations
- sieve plates have pores allowing the sucrose to move up to the fruit and flowers and down to the roots
56
similarities
- tubular - transport substance
57
companion cells
transport sucrose into the phloem cells by active transport they're adapted to this as they have mitochondria as lost of energy is required for active transport
58
transpiration
evaporation of water in the cells in the leaves water vapour diffuses through the stomata
59
stomata location and function
on lower epidermis of leaf allows for exchanges of gases alows co2 to enter and o2 to leave
60
State why a coverslip is placed on top of the leaf peel
keeps it flat/ safe
61
intermediate intervals
accuracey
62
co2 effect
change comcentration of co2 in the water by adding different masses of sodium bicarbonate
63
root hair cell has no
chloroplasts
64
phloem vessle movment
* transports sucrose * transport of this substance is called translocation * phloem vessle contains end walls called sieve plates * they have small pores in them * phloem vessles are describes as living cells bc they have a cytoplasm
65
stomata difference
when the stomata is open water has moved into the gaud cells by osmisis from a high concentration of water outside the neibouring cells to a lwo conentartion of water inside the guard cells when the stomata is closer water has moved of the guard cells
66
guard cells role
controls the size of stomata
67
open stomata?
when they are full of water open during the day as sensetive to light
68
clsoe stomata?
when loose water (flacid) and night so no water is lost
69
positive phototrophic shoot
- leaves teh soil to reach sunlight for photosyntheisis - can absorb more light
70
negetively gravitropic shoot
- leaves teh ground - more chnaces of pollination + seed dispersal
71
positevely gravitropic root
- gives plant sustainibility - absorbs water and mineral ions

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions