Topic 6 - Everyday consumer products Flashcards
(19 cards)
Common uses of alcohols
fuels and solvents
Why are alcohols commonly used as fuels
as they are highly flammable and burn with very clean flames
What happens to the solubility of alcohols in water as their size increases (methanol, ethanol, propanol)?
Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible with water, but as the size of the alcohol increases, their solubility in water decreases.
What happens to alcohols melting and boiling points as they increase in size?
As alcohols increase in size their melting and boiling points increase due to the increasing strength of the intermolecular forces.
An alcohol is a molecule
containing a hydroxyl functional group, - OH group
What is the general formula for saturated, straight-chain alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
How can you name straight-chain alcohols?
by showing where the –OH group is, for alcohols with up to 8 carbon atoms.
What can you do from the names of straight-chain alcohols
you can write their molecular formula and draw their structure.
What are carboxylic acids used for
they are used in the preparation of preservatives, soaps and medicines.
What is vinegar
vinegar is a solution of ethanoic acid, with molecular formula CH3COOH
Why is vinegar used in household cleaning products
as it is a non-toxic acid so can be used safely in household situations.
What carboxylic acids are miscible in water
Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic and butanoic acid, thereafter the
solubility decreases as size increases.
As carboxylic acids increase in size, what happens to their melting and boiling points?
their melting and boiling points increase due to the increasing strength of the intermolecular forces.
What is the carboxyl functional group?
- COOH
What is the general formula of saturated, straight-chain carboxylic acids?
CnH2n+1COOH
What can you do to carboxylic acids from their structural formula
you can name them
What can you get from the systematic
names of straight-chain carboxylic acids?
the molecular formulae can be written and the structural formulae can be drawn
What is the pH of solutions of carboxylic acid?
they have a pH less than 7
What can carboxylic acids react with to form salts
metals, metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates
