Topic 6: Groups of the Periodic Table

Question 1

What are the names of the elements in group 1?

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

What do group 1 elements have in common?

Answer 2

One electron in its outer shell

Question 3

What are the properties of group 1 metals?

Answer 3

More reactive than other metals
Softer than other metals
Lower melting and boiling points than other metals

Question 4

How do group one metals react?

Answer 4

Lose a single outer electron to from a stable 1+ ion

Question 5

What is the trend with reactivity and group 1?

Answer 5

Reactivity increases as you go down the group

Question 6

What do alkali metals make when they react with water?

Answer 6

Alkalis
This is a vigorous reaction

Question 7

What are group 0 elements known as?

Answer 7

Noble gases

Question 8

Do group 0 elements react? Why?

Answer 8

No - they have a full outer shell so are stable and inert

Question 9

The colour of group 0 elements?

Answer 9

Colourless at room temperature

Question 10

What is the trend with group 0 elements and density?

Answer 10

Increases as you go down the group

Question 11

What is the trend with group 0 elements and melting and boiling points?

Answer 11

Increases as you go down the group

Question 12

What are the properties of group 0 elements and their uses?

Answer 12

Inert - protect metals during welding
Non-flammable - used in filament lamps and flash photography
Low density (just helium) - fill balloons and airships

Question 13

What are the elements in group 7 known as?

Answer 13

Halogens

Question 14

What do the halogens exist as?

Answer 14

Diatomic molecules - they’re all two atoms joined by a COVALENT bond (2 non metals)

Question 15

What colour is chlorine at room temperature?

Answer 15

Green

Question 16

What is the test for chlorine?

Answer 16

Damp blue litmus paper
Put it in test tube
If it bleaches white, chlorine gas is present

Question 17

What colour is bromine at room temperature?

Answer 17

Red brown liquid which gives off orange vapour

Question 18

What colour is iodine at room temperature?

Answer 18

Dark grey solid which gives off purple vapour

Question 19

What do halogens have in common?

Answer 19

They have 7 electrons in their outer shell

Question 20

How do halogens react?

Answer 20

Gain an electron to form a 1- ion

Question 21

What is the trend with group 7 elements and reactivity? Why?

Answer 21

Decreases as you go down the group - as outer shell is further from the nucleus so it’s harder to gain an electron

Question 22

What is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen?

Answer 22

Metal halide

Question 23

What is formed when hydrogen reacts with a halogen?

Answer 23

Hydrogen halide

Question 24

What group has displacement reactions?

Answer 24

Halogens (group 7)

Question 25

What type of reactions are displacement reactions?

Answer 25

Redox reaction

Question 26

What group 7 element displaces all of the other group 7 elements? Why?

Answer 26

Fluorine It’s at the top of the group - most reactive since reactivity decreases as you go down the group

Question 27

What specifically happens in a displacement reaction?

Answer 27

The more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from its compound

Question 28

What do hydrogen halides form when dissolved in water? Example?

Answer 28

Acidic solutions e.g. hydrochloric acid

Question 29

Which halogen is reduced and which is oxidised in displacement reactions?

Answer 29

Reduced: the one that has gained electrons and displaced the other halogen Oxidised: the one that has lost electrons and has been displaced

Question 30

How can the trend of reactivity of halogens be predicted?

Answer 30

Carrying out displacement reactions - the more reactive displace the less and where the more reactive ones are, can be used to show how reactivity changes for the halogens

Question 31

Describe the process of testing the reactivity of the halogens?

Answer 31

1. React colourless aqueous chlorine with colourless aqueous potassium chloride and note down what you can see 2. Repeat step 1 but instead of using colourless aqueous potassium chloride, use colourless aqueous potassium bromide then colourless aqueous potassium iodide STILL with colourless aqueous chlorine 3. Repeat steps 1-2 with orange aqueous bromine and then brown aqueous iodine