Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Aap > topic 6: respiratory system > Flashcards

topic 6: respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the upper respiratory tract made up of (outside of lungs)

A

trachea, nose, mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the lower respiratory tract made up of

A

bonchi and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of respiratory system

A

Receive oxygen from environment
* Remove carbon dioxide from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the turbinate

A

scroll of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the nasal septum

A

: middle partition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the nasal epithelium

A

has ciliated mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of turbinate and ciliated epithelium

A

The turbinate and their ciliated epithelium warm and
moisten the incoming air
* The cilia and mucus help to trap particles that are
present in the air
* The caudal parts of the nasal cavity are responsible for
the smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many cartillages make up the larynx

A

5, Cranially_epiglottis (1)
* Laterally _arytenoid cartilages (2),
* Ventrally_thyroid cartilage (1)
* Dorsally_cricoid cartilage(1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of Larynx

A

Vocal cords: two connective tissue bands
attached to the arytenoid cartilages
* Vocal cords vibrate as air passes over them.
* Muscles attached to the arytenoid cartilages
control the tension of the vocal cords to generate
sound with different pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are Para-nasal sinuses

A

Air-filled cavity within a bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of para nasal sinuses

A

Humidifying and heating
the air because of slow air turnover,
mucus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Sinusitis

A

a condition that the opening is blocked by infections, buildup of
pressure can be very painful, a hole may need be surgically drilled for pain relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where ate hyaline found

A

tracjea and bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is special about the hyaline

A

C
-shaped rings of
hyaline cartilage
Gap between the ends
of each ring bridged
by smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structure from first to last

A

Trachea
Left and Right Main Bronchus(i)
Small Bronchi
Tiny Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolus/i
*Alveolar Sac: cluster of Alveolus/i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the fluid that of alveolus is lined with

A

surfactant (chemical substance)

17
Q

what is the function of the surfactant

A

-Reducing surface tension
* Preventing alveoli from collapsing

18
Q

what is bronchodilation

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle leads to which lets more air in during intense physical activity (in hyaline)

19
Q

what is bronchoconstriction

A

Contraction of smooth muscle leads to
– Reduces size of the air passage
– May arise from Irritants in inhaled air, such as pollen,
associated with Asthma

20
Q

what is the base (lung)

A

caudal part sitting on diaphragm

21
Q

what is the apex (lung)

A

: the cranial portion

22
Q

what is a hilum

A

small, well-defined area
on medial side of lung
* Site, where bronchus,
blood vessel, lymph duct
and nerves enter and
leave the lung

23
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

area between the lungs
o Contains heart, trachea, esophagus, blood vessels,
nerves, lymphatic structures

24
Q

describe the structure of the pleura cavity

A

visceral pleural, plueral cavity containing pleural fluid, pariental pleura

25
what is pleura
Thin membrane that lines thoracic cavity and covers organs and structures in the thorax
26
function of the plueral fluid
Ensure that surfaces of organs slide smoothly during breathing
27
where id the diapgragm pleura, pulomonary/ visceral pluera, coastal/pariental plueral, mediastinal pluera located
Diaphragmatic pleura: cranial aspect of the diaphragm. * Pulmonary or visceral pleura: right and left lungs. * Costal or parietal pleura: the thoracic wall (intercostal muscles and rib cage). * Mediastinal pleura: mediastinum
28
describe the pulmonary circulation in the lungs
Deoxygenated blood enters the lungs from right ventricle of heart through the pulmonary artery – Pulmonary artery splits into left and right pulmonary arteries that enter the two lungs – Pulmonary arterioles enter capillary networks around the alveoli * Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, of heart in the pulmonary veins
29
describe inspiration (active process)
Inspiration is an active process: When the volume of thoracic cavity increases as result of contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscle contraction, the pressure in the pleural cavity falls, the lungs expand in volume when pulled out by increased negative pressure, and the air is sucked into the trachea and further into the lung
30
describe expiration ( passive process)
This process pushes air out of lungs. when diaphragm and external intercostal muscle relaxes, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, the pressure in the pleural cavity rises, the lungs collapse and air is pushed out of the lungs.
31
mechanism of daphragm
when the diaphragm contracts, it flattens and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity
32
mechanism of external intercoastal muscles
skeletal muscle o fill the space between the ribs (intercostal spaces) o Contractions lift the ribs upwards and outwards o Increase of the volume of the thoracic cavity.
33
mechanism of abdominal wall
When the abdominal muscles contracts (4 muscles) o the abdominal organs against the surface of the diaphragm push the diaphragm back to its dome shape o decreased the size of thoracic cavity
34
what does tidal volume mean
The amount of air breathed in or out during one normal respiration
35
what is the formula for total lung capacity
Total lung capacity (TLC) = TV + IRV + RV
36
how does gas exchange in alveoli take place
by simple diffusion Gas molecules diffuse from high concentration to low concentration areas
37
what are the two mechanism that control breathing
mechanical system chemical system
38
tell me about mecahnical system (stretch receptors)
Rs are nerve endings in the tracheal and bronchial smooth muscles When the lungs inflate to certain preset point, a nerve impulse from SR is sent to respiratory center in brain, which *send a nerve impulse to stop muscle contraction to prevent over-inhalation
39
tell me about chemical system
* Chemical receptors are specialized sensory receptor cell/nerve cells * located in large vessels (carotid and aortic bodies) and in the brainstem CRs are sensitive to CO2, O2 and pH level change in blood * And send signals (in the form of action potential/ chemicals to activate nearby nerve fibers) to respiratory center to change the rate /depth of respiration

Aap (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions