Topic 7 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Differential Reinforcment
reinforcing certain behvaiours while applying punishment/ extinction for others
Why use differential reinforcment?
- reduces undesirable behaviour
- increases desirable behaviour
- ethical alternative to punishment
4 types of differential reinforcment
- differential reinforcment of low rates of responding
- differntial reinforcment of high rates of responding
- differential reinforcment of other behvaiours
- differential reinforcement of alternative behaviours
differential reinforcment of low rates of responding (DRL)
Reduce behvaiour to an acceptable level
Types of DRL
- full session DRL
- Spaced-Responding DRL
- Interval DRL
full session DRL
Reinforce if the behvaiour occurs below a set limit during the entire session
Raise hand fewer than 3 times per class period
Spaced-Responding DRL
reinforce if a certain time passes between responses
Rat gets food if it waits at least 10 seconds between lever presses
Interval DRL
Divide session into intervals; reinforce it no more than one response per interval
Child gets sticker for raising hand only once every 15 minutes
differntial reinforcment of high rates of responding
Increase rate of desirable behaviour
Reinforce child only if they answer 2 or more questions in a class
How does DRH work?
- set minimum response requirement
- Reinforce whe behaviour happpens at least x time in y period
differential reinforcment of other behvaiours (DRO)
Eliminate behaviour
How does DRO work?
- Reinforce if the problem behaviour does not occur in a set time
- reset if behaviour occurs
- Can also increase interval length over time
Short DRO Intervals
frequent problem behaviours
Long DRO Intervals
infrequent problem behaviour
Types of DRO
- Whole interval DRO
- Momentary DRO
Whole Interval DRO
behaviour is absent for entire interval
Rat gets food if it doesn’t press lever for 10 seconds
Momentary DRO
behaviour is absent at specific moment (end of interval)
differential reinforcement of alternative behaviours (DRA)
Reinforce specific desirable behaviour as an alternative
Child calls out in class for attention → Teach them to raise hand
How does DRA work?
- reinforce behaviour you want more of
- Withhold reinforcment for problem behaviour
- Alternative behaviour shoulf get some reinforcment
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviour (DRI)
behaviour that is incompatible with the unwanted behaviour is reinforced
Reinforce sitting in chair to stop running around
Differential Reinforcement of Communication (DRC)
A communication response is reinforced to replace the problem behaviour
Child screams for juice → Teach them to ask for juice
Preference Assessment
- Single Stimulus Assessment
- Paired Stimulus Assessment
- Multiple Stimulus Assessment Without Replacement (MSWO)
Single Stimulus Assessment
Present one stimulus at a time, multiple times in random order. Record approach or no approach. Calculate percentage approached.
Present one toy at a time to a child. If they choose to play, mark “approach.” Rotate through toys several times and calculate percentages.
Paired Stimulus Assessment
Present pairs of stimuli, each item shown with every other item multiple times. Calculate percentage of selections
Present two snacks (chips vs. crackers). Ask, “Which one do you want?” Repeat until each snack has been compared to all others. Rank by choice frequency.
