Topic 7: Sexual Offenders Flashcards

Question

Who do sexual offenders rape?

Answer 1

24.4% of rapists are complete strangers 21.9% are ex/husbands 19.5% ex/boyfriends 9.8% relatives 14.6% friends/neighbors about 1/4 use weapons about 1/4 of victims are seriously injured (require medical attention)

Answer 2

uncontrollable impulse: doesn't fit with finding that 2/3 planned the rape mental illness: widely held view, sexual addiction, may form basis of a legal defense drug induced: lowered inhibition, increased sexual drive victim provoked: old view, poor empirical support, often used by offenders to avoid responsibility, "just world" hypothesis

Answer 3

distorted thoughts/beliefs/attitudes criticism: piecemeal schemata (structure) criticisms: definitional inconsistencies fails to generate predictions implicit theories focus on implicit theories is general and flexible enough to accommodate rape and child molestation

Answer 4

schemata are ways of making sense of the world: cognitive structures, useful in "filtering" social information, greatly influence interpretation of events implicit theories "connect" (specify relationships between) related schemata the products of these = attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, attribution, and ultimately behavior cognitive "processes" modify, build, reconstruct, remove schemata and connections

Answer 5

numerous schemes offered Prentky & Knight (1987): forms basis of MTC and MTC:R3 four main categories (nine in MTC:R3): 1. displaced aggression 2. compensatory rape 3. sexually sadistic/aggressive 4. impulsive

Answer 6

not about sex lots of brutality (biting, cutting, tearing) most likely perpetrated by a stranger attempts are made to humiliate and demean the victim not always focused on the genitalia highly negative attitudes toward females in general, e.g., they are controlling, unfaithful, demanding perpetrators are often ambivalent toward significant females in their lives anger and violent likely evident in other aspects of perpetrators life frequently report chaotic upbringing

Answer 7

are highly aroused during the offense it is sexual for them in general, they are meek, "wimpy" individuals who literally compensate for their social ineptitude through rape frequently, their arousal and fantasies are related to specific themes, e.g., college co-eds, being powerful and in control tend not to be sadistic or use violence believe their victims will admire them and gladly submit once they have experienced their boundless masculinity and skilled performance tend to study/stalk their victims thought of rejection is unbearable likely to flee in the face of sufficient resistance least likely to have records of other criminal activities typically have limited aspirations and low self-esteem others are often surprised to hear of their involvement in rape: "nice, quiet, unassuming, introverted"

Answer 8

aggression and sexual arousal go hand-in-hand finds non-aggressive sexual contact mundane, unfulfilling see victim resistance as playing "hard to get" more often married: history of domestic violence common, unstable relationship/martial history limited self-control and frustration tolerance most likely to murder to seriously injure

Answer 9

is a "generalist", rape most likely to occur as an off-shoot of another crime not gratuitously violence, just doesn't care about the victim

Answer 10

defining feature: negative schema re-women processing biased toward misogynistic attitudes rage toward women not paraphilic in the sense of "preferring" rape "women are all bitches and whores... she had this coming... I'll show her what a real man can do"

Answer 11

defining feature: distorted theories about relationships emotionally isolated fantasizes about non-sadistic rape distorted processing and perception of interpersonal behavior negative self-schema "she's lucky I'm paying attention to her... she loves this... no means yes... women are all sluts... if she didn't want it she wouldn't have dressed that way... I bought her dinner"

Answer 12

defining feature: detached affect and self-focused depersonalizes victims very tuned to indications of pain and powerlessness (i.e., does not ignore) truly paraphilic "I'm turned on by overpowering her... she was totally helpless... I can do whatever I want to her"

Answer 13

defining feature: cognitive deconstruction schemata are self-centered able to seperate the act from usual view of self: successfully avoids negative self-evaluation not truly paraphilic "I didn't hurt her... women are sexual objects... what's the big deal.. I'm no pervert... I just got carried away..."

Answer 14

has a total of nine categories more formally differentiates on the basis of social competence adds vindictive rapists

Answer 15

rape is seen as pseudo-sexual in all cases 1. power rape 2. anger rape 3. sadistic rape

Answer 16

> 50% conquest and control hopes the victim will become sexually aroused herself will increase his use of force/violence if needed to subdue the victim

Answer 17

excessive force; lots of brutality swears and yells at victim may see sex as dirty issues with mother, grandmother, female boss

Answer 18

is specifically aroused by victim's pain, helplessness, and suffering more likely to use bondage and torture most likely to murder

Answer 19

"manly" to report sexual conquest "I'm the boss, I'm in charge" 1/3 of "normal" males acknowledge rape fantasies 54% of males report "coercive" fantasies

Answer 20

inadequate social and dating skills more likely to fantasize and masturbate than actually have sexual partners but actually report less exposure to pornography parents may have made sex a forbidden topic of discussion

Answer 21

some rapists are also aroused by non-sexual violence towards

Answer 22

orgasmic conditioning pairing of sexual stimulation/orgasm with deviant images and fantasies applies to non-deviant sexual interests as well

Answer 23

exacerbated by media influence, etc.

Answer 24

this is an intensely debated issue three factors are most highly correlated with collateral measures of aggression: 1. viewers level of sexual arousal 2. level of aggression depicted 3. reactions of victim depicted social shifts?

Answer 25

a sustained erotic interest in prepubescent (pedophilia) or pubescent (hebephilia) children (we'll use the term pedophile to describe both) neither is illegal unless acted upon; even the constitutional right to own child pornography has recently been tested in a BC court

Answer 26

exclusive: kids only inclusive: adults and kids (pangyne-androphilia)

Answer 27

estimates will improve dramatically if national ad provincial sex offender registries are implemented as planned 1/4 to 1/3 of female children, and a little over 1/10 of male children are sexually victimized in some way: only 35% of these make formal complaints Finkelhor (1988): 5 - 10% of US males will sexually victimize a child at some point; most are not repeat offenders concerning pedophiles, about 3/4 offend against female children (though perhaps not exclusively) intercourse is actually rare: fondling and oral-genital contact are more prevalent offenders tend to know the victim well: child's requests for hugs and affection are misinterpreted as sexual advances, sexual contact may occur over an extended period, especially if the offender is a family member violence is relatively rare; Lanyon (1986) estimated 10-15% of cases more common are attempts at bribery, emotional blackmail, unsophisticated manipulation, lying only 10 and 25% of intra-familial child abusers are true pedophiles

Answer 28

almost exclusively male Russel and Finkelhor (1984) females involved i only 5% of cases against girls, 24% against males female offenders may act in concert with a male offender no single profile, but aggressive child molesters tend to resemble rapist (of adults), i.e., higher alcohol abuse, school failure, lower SES, unstable work history efforts to deny/minimize responsibility are common: "she seduced me; I was drunk; I don't know what came over me" average age is toward the late 30's

Answer 29

socially immature passive and timid limited legitimate sexual/romantic history unlikely to employ force or violence neither wants nor expects intercourse not distressed by paraphilia - therefore treatment refractory begins with abundant "grooming" seeks children for social as well as sexual; purposes, uncomfortable around adults average intellectually, but tends to underachieve

Answer 30

begins with a fairly normal adolescence, but begins to doubt his masculinity shortly thereafter may offend in response to marked stressors, or an assault to his personal confidence alcohol often an issue employment and marital histories are troubled

Answer 31

more likely a stranger may isolate the child has a lengthy history of AS conduct use trickery to lure the child objectifies the child, not adverse to the use of force tends to have poor social skills and to be rejected by other adults a poor treatment candidate

Answer 32

e.g., John Wayne Gacy murdered > 30 teenage boys in the course of, or after sexually torturing them more likely to be homosexual offender's arousal is closely tied to the pain and suffering of the victim often abduct and murder

Answer 33

Frisbie (1965) heterosexual pedophiles about 18.2%, while homosexual pedophiles about 34.5% Bernard (1975) (European figures): 50% > 10 victims; 14% > 50, 6% 100-300 90% were not interested in stopping Bernard's recidivism stats: untreated: 32% treated: 14%

Answer 34

explanations tend to fall into one or more of the following four categories emotional congruence (akin to regressed type) sexual arousal (not interested in adults) blockage (substitution) disinhibition (neuro, or D/A)

Answer 35

self-report conviction/PSR fantasy questionnaires penile plethysmograph (PPG): EPT, phallometric testing (circumferential, volumetric) vaginal photoplethysmograph

Answer 36

not just the test but also the material a person who is viewing material in a controlled way break down of categories: by seeing results will get erotic preference profile, there are also neutral stimuli need to be counterbalanced: don't want order to be predicted, want to make sure there are no remnants of arousal

Answer 37

infrared diode: gives steady electrical current to illuminate the vaginal wall light illuminates vaginal wall; more blood travels so less light is being transferred arousal cycle takes longer and is more subtle harder to establish statistical reliability used for gynecologist but not useful for establishing arousal preferences

Answer 38

stimulus materials measurement/recording device standardized presentation

Topic 7: Sexual Offenders Flashcards

(62 cards)