topic 7 study guide

Question 1

an organized attempt to improve what is unjust or imperfect in society.

Answer 1

Social reform

Question 2

a widespread religious movement in the U.S in the early 1800s

Answer 2

Second Great Awakening

Question 3

a person who cannot pay money he or she owes

Answer 3

debtor

Question 4

the campaign against alcohol consumption

Answer 4

Temperance movement

Question 5

an 1848 meeting at which activists called for equal rights for women, often seen as the birthplace of the women’s rights movement

Answer 5

Seneca Falls Convention:

Question 6

an organized campaign to win legal, educational, employment, and other rights for women

Answer 6

Women’s rights movement:

Question 7

deliverance from sin

Answer 7

salvation

Question 8

the protection of natural resources

Answer 8

Conservation:

Question 9

one of a group of New England writers and thinkers who believed that the most important truths transcended, or went beyond, human reason,

Answer 9

Transcendentalist

Question 10

the belief in the uniqueness and importance of each individual

Answer 10

Individualism

Question 11

to see in the best possible light

Answer 11

Idealize

Question 12

Reformer who visited prisons to improve conditions for those who were mentally ill, debtors, prisoners.

Answer 12

Dorothea Dix

Question 13

Abolitionist who worked in the Underground Railroad to free slaves and fought in the Civil War.

Answer 13

Harriet Tubman

Question 14

A freed slave who spoke publicly to help the abolitionist movement and began the newspaper the “North Star”.

Answer 14

Frederick Douglass

Question 15

A white abolitionist who launched “The Liberator” to influence people to go against slavery and he also helped in the New England Anti-Slavery Society.

Answer 15

William Lloyd Garrison

Lloyd - Liberator

Question 16

Published a book about the suffering slaves called “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which convinced many Northerners that slavery was evil and should be outlawed.

Answer 16

Harriet Beecher Stowe-

Question 17

a leader of the Second Great Awakening who spoke powerfully about reforming the world with teachings about education for women and the abolitionist movement.

Answer 17

Charles Grandison Finney

Grandison - Great Awakening

Question 18

women’s rights leader who was born into slavery and spoke influentially to all people with her faith in God.

Answer 18

Sojourner Truth

Truth - God

Question 19

campaigned for women’s suffrage and spoke tirelessly for women’s rights to vote and work.

Answer 19

Susan B. Anthony

Question 20

What was the main cause of the increase in the number and the size of cities in the United States?

Answer 20

The spread of
factories

Question 21

The new factory system brought ____________ and _______________ together in one place to produce goods.

Answer 21

Workers and machinery

Question 22

What are interchangeable parts and how did they help improve the factory system?

Answer 22

All machine-made parts were alike, identical parts would fit together with all other parts and would save time and money
Encouraged the spread of the factory system

Question 23

What was the main reason young women were drawn to work in mills?

Answer 23

Many women valued the economic freedom

Question 24

What problems did cities experience in the early-mid 1800s?

Answer 24

unclean, poor living conditions, diseases, no sewer system

Question 25

Who invented the telegraph? How did the telegraph help connect the nation?

Answer 25

Samuel Morse Made communication much easier

Question 26

Where were the major railroad lines concentrated around the mid 1800s?

Answer 26

North and West

Question 27

How was immigration connected to economic growth?

Answer 27

Immigrants both came in response to and contributed to economic growth.

Question 28

Why did skilled workers have more success at forming unions than other workers?

Answer 28

They were harder to replace

Question 29

In the North, what did immigrants and African Americans have in common?

Answer 29

They both faced widespread discrimination

Question 30

Who invented the cotton gin? How did the invention of the cotton gin affect slave labor in the United States?

Answer 30

Eli Whitney It increased the demand for slave labor

Question 31

Why did the South not develop a larger manufacturing base?

Answer 31

Southern investers were more interested in land than industry

Question 32

What was the South’s most valuable cash crop?

Answer 32

Cotton

Question 33

What percentage of southern farmers owned 50 or more slaves? What percentage of southern whites lived on small family farms?

Answer 33

Less than one percent own 50 or more About 75% of southern whites

Question 34

Why did most free African Americans in the South live in Maryland and Delaware?

Answer 34

It was where slavery was in decline.

Question 35

What were some examples of slave codes in the South?

Answer 35

Forbidden to gather in groups more than 3, own weapons, leave land without a written pass, or learn how to read and write

Question 36

What protected slaves from the worst form of abuse?

Answer 36

Slaves were considered valuable property

Question 37

What effect did Nat Turner’s Rebellion have?

Answer 37

His rebellion increased southern fears of an uprising enslaved African Americans and caused them to limit their rights.

Question 38

Why did the Northwest Ordinance and end of the slave trade have little effect on ending slavery in the South?

Answer 38

It had nearly one million slaves already living in the south

Question 39

What was the main reason that there were 20 times as many enslaved African Americans in the South as in the North by 1800?

Answer 39

Slavery was not very important to the economy in the north and the south really depended on slave labor

Question 40

What was the Underground Railroad and how was it an example of civil disobedience?

Answer 40

It was a network of safe houses that helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom. It was civil disobedience because slaves defied slave codes and tried to escape from their owners.

Question 41

What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have?

Answer 41

It convinced many Northerners that slavery was evil and should be outlawed. This increased many tensions between the North and the South.

Question 42

What was the main reason many business owners in the North opposed abolition?

Answer 42

They depended on cotton from the South to supply their factories/businesses

Question 43

How did the Second Great Awakening change many Americans’ view of their actions?

Answer 43

They now felt that their actions could save them

Question 44

How did the Second Great Awakening lead to changes in areas such as education and care of the disabled?

Answer 44

Many people began working to improve society

Question 45

In what way did education in America change between 1800 and the 1850s?

Answer 45

Most northern states set up free elementary schools

Question 46

What was the main reason few girls were given a good education in the early 1880s?

Answer 46

Because women were expected to work in the home and didn’t need an education.