Topic 8 Acids and bases Flashcards
(28 cards)
What do acids react with?
Indicators, bases, reactive metals, carbonates, and hydrogencarbonates.
Acids can form salts and other products depending on the substances they react with.
Define amphoteric substances.
Can have the properties of both a base and an acid, depending on the reaction.
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid?
A proton donator.
What is a buffer?
A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or alkali are added.
How does a buffer respond when a small amount of acid is added?
Excess H+ ions cause the equilibrium to shift to the left.
List the methods to make buffer solutions.
- Strong base + excess weak acid
- Strong acid + excess weak base
- Weak acid + same acid’s salt
- Weak base + same base’s salt
What is charge density?
Charge over size.
Define a concentrated solution.
High number of moles of solute per dm3 of solution.
What affects the conductivity of a solution?
The degree of dissociation into ions.
What is a conjugate in acid-base chemistry?
The species remaining after an acid has lost a proton or a base has gained one.
What is a diprotic acid?
An acid that produces two moles of hydrogen ions per mole, e.g. H2SO4.
What is the end point in a titration?
The point at which the indicator changes color most rapidly.
What is the equivalence point in a titration?
Where the acid and base are in equimolar quantities.
What defines an indicator in acid-base chemistry?
A weak acid or base that changes color when dissociated.
According to Lewis theory, what is an acid?
An electron acceptor.
Define a monoprotic acid.
An acid that produces one mole of hydrogen ions per mole, e.g. HCl.
What does pH stand for?
Power of hydrogen.
What is salt hydrolysis?
The process by which a salt is broken down by water.
What factors affect the acidity of a salt?
- Its derivations
- Charge density of cation
What is a strong acid?
An acid that dissociates completely into its ions (Ka»_space; 1).
Give examples of strong acids.
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sulphuric acid
- Nitric acid
What is titration?
A technique for quantitative measure of concentration of a solution.
What is the ionic product of water?
The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water into its ions.
What happens to the value of Kw as temperature increases?
It increases, as the dissociation is an endothermic process.
