Topic 2 Atomic structure Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is atomic emission spectra?
The characteristic line spectrum that occurs as a result of energy being supplied to individual elements.
It involves electrons being excited from their ground state to a higher energy level, emitting energy as they drop back down.
What does the atomic number represent?
Number of protons in the nucleus.
What is the Aufbau principle?
The principle that states that lowest energy levels are filled first.
What is Hund’s rule?
Orbitals within the same sub-shell are filled singly first and have parallel spins.
What is first ionization energy?
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms in the ground state to produce one mole of gaseous ions.
True or False: Ionization energy increases across a period.
True.
How does ionization energy change down a group?
Decreases due to increased number of energy levels and increased electron shielding.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Define line spectrum.
A part of the continuous spectrum of visible light that can be seen during the emission or absorption of certain wavelengths by electron transitions.
What does mass number represent?
Total number of nucleons.
What is a mass spectrometer?
A device for determining relative atomic masses and their relative abundances.
List the components of a mass spectrometer.
- Vaporizer
- Ionizer
- Accelerator
- Deflector
- Detector
What is an orbital?
A region of space around the nucleus of an atom that is occupied by a maximum of two electrons at any given time.
What types of orbitals exist?
- s (spherical)
- p (dumbbell-shaped)
- d
- f
What does Pauli’s exclusion principle state?
Two electrons occupying a single orbital must have opposite spins.
What are relative abundances?
The percentage of natural occurrence of an isotope of an element.
Define relative atomic mass.
The weighted mean of all the naturally occurring isotopes of the element relative to 12C.
What is spin in relation to electrons?
A quantum property of electrons that can be imagined as the electron spinning on an axis.
What is a sub-level in atomic structure?
The set of orbitals with the same energy within a main energy level.
How many orbitals are in an s sub-level?
One s orbital.
How many orbitals are in a p sub-level?
Three p orbitals.
How many orbitals are in a d sub-level?
Five d orbitals.
How many orbitals are in an f sub-level?
Seven f orbitals.
