Topic 9

Question 1

alkanes

Answer 1

saturated
- only has single covalent bonds
CnH2n+2

Question 2

Alkenes

Answer 2

unsaturated
- contain double bonds between carbon atoms
CnH2n

Question 3

Explain why poly(chloroethene) is a suitable material for this purpose.

Answer 3

low ability to conduct electricity / does not
conduct electricity/ insulator (1)
* separates user from {current / electricity} /
prevents shock electric / prevents electrocution

Question 4

lithium

colour falme test

Answer 4

crimson

Question 5

sodium

colour falme test

Answer 5

yellow

Question 6

potassium

colour falme test

Answer 6

lilac

Question 7

calcium

colour falme test

Answer 7

orange - red

Question 8

copper

colour falme test

Answer 8

green/blue

Question 9

flame test description

Answer 9

dip nicrome wire or platimum wire into concentrated HCL
rinse with distilled water (not tap as it contains ions)
place wire on bunsen blue flame to clean
enusre theres no colour onseverd on teh loop
dip wire loop into smaple (if the question mentions a solid salt make sure to dissolve the sample in distilled water before plcaing into bunsen flame)
place wire into the hotest part of teh falme (blue part)
observe colour produced

Question 10

wooden splints are dipped into distilled water

Answer 10

to stop wood burning, easier to pick up the sample, doesnt contain ions that would interefe with teh test

Question 11

platinum

Answer 11

high melting point
expensive
inert

Question 12

reinforced concrete

Answer 12

tenisle and compressive strength

Question 13

glass

Answer 13

transparent
high mp/bp
brittle
not conductor

Question 14

clay

Answer 14

opaque/ waterproof
high mp/bp
malleable/ brittle
not cpnductor

Question 15

metal

Answer 15

opaque and shiny
high mp/bp
malleable
conductor

Question 16

polymers/ plastic

Answer 16

transparent/ opaque
high or low mp
malleable/ brittke
conductor

Question 17

composite material

Answer 17

two or more metls wirh different properties
combined to produce a metaerial with improved properties
most have two components:
- reinforsment (the substance that makes up teh bulk)
- matrix (binds together)
e.g. paper, staple

Question 18

nanotechnology

Answer 18

+ large surface to volume ratio: can be powerful catalysts, could cause explosions
- long term effects unknown
- can be health/ enviromental risks

Question 19

particles categories

Answer 19

• coarse
• fine
• nano

Question 20

fine

Answer 20

100 - 2500 nm

Question 21

1nm

Answer 21

1 times 10 - 9 m

Question 22

nano diamiter

Answer 22

1-100 nm

Question 23

ataoms and small molecules are

Answer 23

100 times smaller than nano

Question 24

silver nanoparticles

Answer 24

in clothes and deogerent stop bacteria growing in our sweat

Question 25

why polyesters are condensation polymers

Answer 25

in condensation polymerisation a small molecule is formed as a by product each time a bond is formed between two monomers alchahol and carbocylic acid fuctional group reacts loosing a small molecule - water

Question 26

polyethene | formed

Answer 26

addition polymerisation repeating unit of hydrocarbon produced from one monomer produced from ethene/ alkene only product is formed

Question 27

polyester

Answer 27

- produced by condenstion polymerisation - ester linkage - produced by two monomers - from carbocylic acid and diol/ alchohol - also produces water

Question 28

condensation polymerisation has

Answer 28

2 functional groups

Question 29

esters made from

Answer 29

carbocylic acid and alchahol - h20

Question 30

polyesters made form

Answer 30

dicarbocylic acid (COOH times 2) diol (2 times OH) makes 2 watres

Question 31

Explain why this twin sister could be a suitable kidney donor for Person B.

Question 32

Describe how dichloroethene monomers form a polymer

Answer 32

- double crabon to carbon bond is broken - monomers link together - to form a long chain

Question 33

nanoparticles form

Answer 33

- used in suncreen - blocks UV light - reduces risk of skin cancer as reduces damage to cells - no white marks visible bulk form: ued as white pigment in poaints

Question 34

titanium dioxide

Answer 34

is bulk is a white solid it absorbs harmful UV radiation present in sunlight which may cause skin cancer

Question 35

fullerine

Answer 35

- used in medicence/ drug design - more easily absorbed than other particles - deliver drugs to areas more effectively - usig in electronic circuity - coating for artificial limbs

Question 36

silver nanoparticles

Answer 36

- platsers - sprayed ojto firbes of medical clothing + surgical masks - gives them flexibility of added material - antibacterial

Question 37

fridges

Answer 37

some have the nonosized silver in coating killing bacteria which could have caused food poisoning

Question 38

risks of nanoparticles

Answer 38

- very small so can pass through the cell mebrane - change/ catalyse harmful reactions - lots of unknown facrors as its new stages - not easlily disposed of - passes thorugh lungs easily

Question 39

qualitative

Answer 39

investigates the kind of substance present in a sample

Question 40

y are unique tests needed

Answer 40

to differentiate from iions if they all give the same result