TOPIC 9 - VIROLOGY Flashcards by Luis Manuel Ramos

What year when the use of word virus started ?

1930’s

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Virus is Latin word for ?

Poison

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Initial term for virus

contagium vivum fluidum

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He showed that infected sap remained infectious even after filtering through the finest chamberland filters; in 1892

Dmitri Ivanovsky

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He first described tobacco mosaic disease could be
transferred between plants; in 1886

Adolf Mayer

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He also demonstrated the filterability of the agent; realized that the disease could be used for serial transmission of disease without loss of potency; in 1898

Martinus Beijerinck

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They identified the first filterable agent from animals, the virus of FMD; 1898

Loeffler & Frosch

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Approximately how big is a virus?

20 - 300 nm

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Viruses absolutely require living host cells in order to
multiply hence they are called ?

Obligatory intracellular parasites

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Viruses have few or no enzymes of their own for metabolism. True or False?

True

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Viruses can contain both DNA or RNA. True or False?

False, only a single type of nucleic acid.

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Viruses have a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid. True or False?

True

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Viruses have plasma membrane. True or Falsee?

False

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Viruses divide by binary fission. True or False?

False

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Viruses can pass through biological filters. True or False?

True

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Viruses have ATP-generating metabolism. True or False?

False

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Viruses have ribosomes. True or False?

False

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Viruses are sensitive to antibiotics. True or False?

False

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Viruses are sensitive to interferon. True or False?

True

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Identifiy the viral family:

> Double-stranded DNA
Nonenveloped
70-90 nm
Medium-size
Respiratory infections in humans; some cause tumors in animals

Adenoviridae

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Mastadenovirus belongs to what viral family?

Adenoviridae

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Identifiy the viral family:

> Double stranded DNA
40-57 nm
Nonenveloped
Small-size
Cause warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer in humans

Papovaviridae

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Papillomavirus (human wart virus) and Polyomavirus belongs to what viral family?

Papovaviridae

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Identifiy the viral family:

> Double stranded DNA
Enveloped
200-350 nm
Very large
Complex, brick-shaped viruses
Smallpox (variola, molloscum, contagiosum (wartlike skin lesion) and cowpox

Poxviridae

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Orthopoxvirus (vaccinia and smallpox viruses) and Molluscipoxvirus belongs to what viral family?

Poxviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Double stranded DNA > Enveloped > 150-200 nm > Medium-sized > Fever blisters, chickenpox, shingles, infectious mononucleosis (Burkitt's lymphoma)

Herpesviridae

Identify the viral family: > Single-stranded RNA > Nonenveloped > 18-25 nm > Smallest > Fifth disease; > anemia in immunocompromised patients

Parvoviridae

Human parvovirus B19 belongs to what viral family?

Parvoviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Double stranded RNA > Non-enveloped > 60-80 nm > Generally mild respiratory infections transmitted by arthropods > Colorado tick fever is the best-known

Reoviridae

Reovirus and Rotavirus belong to what viral family?

Reoviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA + Strand > Nonenveloped > 28-30 nm > Polio-, coxsackie-, and echoviruses > Hand-foot-mouth virus > More than 100 viruses exist > Most common cause of colds

Picornaviridae

Enterovirus, Rhinovirus (common cold virus), and Hepatitis A virus belong to what viral family?

Picornaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA + Strand > Nonenveloped > 35-40 nm > Gastroenteritis > Hepatitis E

Caliciviridae

Hepatitis E virus and Norovirus belongs to what viral family?

Caliciviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA + Strand > Enveloped > 60-70 nm > Includes many viruses transmitted by arthropods > Eastern equine encephalitis > Western equine encephalitis > Chikungunya > Rubella virus

Togaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA + Strand > Enveloped > 40-50 nm > Can replicate in arthropods that transmit them > Yellow fever, dengue, Zika and West Nile encephalitis

Flaviviridae

Flavivirus, Pestivirus & Hepatitis C virus belong to what family?

Flaviviridae

Alphavirus & Rubivirus belongs to what viral family?

Togaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA + Strand > Enveloped > 80-160 nm > Upper respiratory tract infections and the common cold

Coronaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA - Strand > Enveloped > 70-180 nm > Bullet-shaped viruses with a spike enveloped > Rabies & numerous animal diseases

Rhabdoviridae

Vesiculovirus and Lyssavirus (rabies virus) belong to what family?

Rhabdoviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA - Strand > Enveloped > 80-14,000 nm > Helical viruses > Ebola and Marburg viruses

Filovirus

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA - Strand > Enveloped > 150-300 nm > Parainfluenza, mumps and Newcastle Disease

Paramyxoviridae

Paramyxovirus Morbillivirus (measles virus) belongs to what viral family?

Paramyxoviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single stranded RNA - Strand > Virusoid or satellite RNA > Enveloped > 32 nm nm > Depends on coinfection with hepadnavirus

Deltaviridae

Hepatitis D belongs to what viral family?

Deltaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Multiple strands of RNA > Enveloped > 80-200 nm > Enveloped spikes can agglutinate RBC

Orthomyxoviridae

Influenza virus A, B, and C belong to what viral family ?

Orthomyxoviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Multiple strands of RNA > Enveloped > 90-120 nm > Hemorrhagic fevers such as Korean hemorrhagic fever and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome > Associated with rodents

Bunyaviridae

Bunyavirus (California encephalitis virus) and Hantavirus belong to what viral family?

Bunyaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Multiple strands of RNA > Enveloped > 110-130 nm > Helical capsids contain RNA-containing granules > Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever

Arenaviridae

Arenavirus belongs to what viral family?

Arenaviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Single-stranded RNA, Produce DNA > Enveloped > 100-120 nm > Includes all RNA tumor viruses > Oncoviruses cause leukemia and tumors in animals

Retroviridae

Oncoviruses and Lentivirus (HIV) belong to what viral family?

Retroviridae

Identifiy the viral family: > Double-stranded RNA, Use Reverse Transcriptase > Enveloped > 42 nm > After protein synthesis, hepatitis B virus uses reverse transcriptase to produce its DNA from mRNA > Hepatitis B and liver tumors

Hepadnaviridae

Hepadnavirus (Hepatitis B virus) belongs to what viral family?

Hepadnaviridae

The spectrum of host cells the virus can infect.

Host range

Viruses that infect bacteria.

Bacteriophage/phage

Particular host range of virus is determined by virus’s requirements (specific receptor on surface of the cell) For animal viruses, the receptor sites are on ____ ____.

Plasma membranes

A complete, fully developed viral particle composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a coat.

Virion

The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus

Capsid

Subunits of capsid

Capsomeres

Classification of viruses is based on type of ____ ____ and strategy for ____.

nucleic acid; replication

_____ are the easiest viruses to grow.

Bacteriophage

In growing bacteriophges in laborator, all the bacteria in the area surrounding the original virus are destroyed. This produces a number of clearings, or ____, visible against a lawn of bacterial growth on the surface of the Agar.

plaques

The methods involved in growing animal viruses in the laboratory are ?

1. Using living animals 2. Embryonated eggs 3. Cell cultures

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it's chorioallantoic membrane inoculation?

1. Herpes simplex virus 2. Poxvirus 3. Rous sarcoma virus

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it's amniotic inoculation?

1. Influenza virus 2. Mumps virus

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it's yolk sac inoculation?

1. Herpes simplex virus

What are the viruses included in embryonated egg sample if it's allantoic inoculation?

1. Influenza virus 2. Mumps virus 3. Newcastle diseases virus 4. Avian adenovirus

Viruses can’t be seen without the use of an ____ microscope.

electron

What are the viral identification methods?

1. Western blotting 2. Observation of cytopathic effects (CPE) 3. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) 4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

TOPIC 9 - VIROLOGY Flashcards

(72 cards)