TOPIC REVISION- FAYE Flashcards
(7 cards)
T1) theories about learning
Ginsburg and Jablonka 2010- learning seems to have evolved in the cambrian explosion
Rescorla- Wagner 1972- introduced model stating that learning happens due to a prediction error
-> Miller et al 1995- argues against rescorla wagner model because it states training must occur to recover information- but what about spontaneous recovery
T2) What happens in the brain
Hebb ( 1949)- neural activation can facilitate activation of others
Clarke & Squire 1998- amnesiac patients with hippocampal lesions were incapable of trace conditioning ( gapped associative conditioning) due to impaired STM functioning
Van Praag et al 2000- rats in an enriched environment had higher rates of dendritic arborisation, neurogenesis and gliogenesis
mcguire et al 2000- london cabbies, the knowledge and posterior hippocampus growth
Antanov et al 2003- certain receptor blockers can block pavlovian conditioning of the defensive gill reflex in aplysia sea slugs
Shors et al 2012- neurogenesis, use it or lose it
Maren et al 2013- rodent research identified a neural circuit including hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex that enables context dependent behaviour. dysfunction -> psychopathology
T3) associative, operant and causative learning research
associative:
Rescolar 1988- argued pavlovian conditioning is too simple and animals are capable of forming more complex associations
rescolar 1968- argued for contingency being key, as a condition of learning
Heyes 2012- loves him some associative learning and agreed associative learning was maintained to a very complex level
Clarke & Squire 1998- amnesiac patients with hippocampal lesions were incapable of trace conditioning ( gapped associative conditioning) due to impaired STM functioning
operant:
seligman 1972- mean ass study on dogs coined learned helplessness due to lack of control over trauma
causative
Penn & Povinelli 2007- animals cant really do causative learning, maybe this distinction just isnt the best one
T4) cultural intelligence hypothesis- 2
THEORY- Van schaik & Burkhart 2011- definition and social deprivation/ enculturation studies
EVIDENCE- Hermann et al 2007- kids are better than monkeys at social tasks but not cognitive ones
T5) Learning across the lifetime
lorenz geese, series of studies in 1930s- imprinting
-> chisholm et al 2008: romanian orphans, impaired intelligence, learnt different social behaviours e.g. disinhibited friendliness CRITICAL PERIOD
Barnes 2003- aging causes reduced synaptic plasticity/ long term potentiation -> worse learning, reversal learning too
Blackiston et al 2008- butterflies remember what they learnt as catapillars because of the brain
Kleindorfer and robertson 2013-
superb fairy wren learn a musical code they sing to their babies
-> decasper & fifer 1980- babies in utero prefer their mothers voice
T6) animal vs human research
Pawell et al 2012- HUMAN research found teens are more risk aware because we become independent CRITICAL PERIOD STUFF TOO
Barron et al 2021- issues with comparing animal/ human research when the methods used are so different ( macro/ micro level)
T7) Social learning-
Heyes 1994- defines social learning
caro& Hauser 1992- animals often teach but it may not fit our anthrocentric idea of teaching e.g. scent signals
laland 2004- social learning strategies are split into who/ when strategies
Lind et al 2019- used computational analysis to argue that social learning is just associative learning
Camacho- Alpizar & Guillette 2023- found using meta analyis that demonstrator characterstics were the most signifcant predictor of model based social learning
-> bandura 1977: SLT
