TOPIC REVISION- PHILLIP Flashcards
(10 cards)
T1) Loot boxes
Newall 2023- should be treated differently due to statistical expectation
Zendle & Cairns 2018- survey of gamers found that engaging in loot boxes was a stronger predictor of gambling ( eta 2= 0.054) than buying other in game items with real money ( eta2= 0.004)
Brooks & Clarke 2023- loot box use predicted gambling initiation six months later and gamblers spent more
Mcaffery 2023- gaps in literature ( lacks conceptual foundations, policy related research and harm)
T2) Brain disease model
Koob and Volkrow 2010- were the oringinators of this model
Kober et al 2015- urges shown by gambling addicts after being shown a video about gambling significantly increased by around 5 points ( 10 point scale)
Clark et al 2017- gamblers experience withdrawls as they experience cravings/ compulsions to gamble
Rotgers 2017- Daddy issues
Weirs 2017- hmmm i dont buy these claims YET
T3) Pathways model
Blasczczynski and Nower 2002-
the originators of this model ( biological/ emotional/ behavioural)
Scherrer et al 2007- childhood trauma could be associated with gambling addiction
Theule et al (2016)- ADHD and gambling, higher impulsivity
Rigoli et al 2016- increasing dopamine led to a higher propensity to gamble in healthy patients, suggesting it increases attractiveness of risky options
Bergh 1997- problem gamblers release smaller amounts of dopamine over time as reward system becomes dysregulated// de sensitzed ( tolerance increases)
-> Barret 2010- supernormal stimuli, hijacks biology/ evolutionary adaptations
T4) Big win model
Custer et al 1985- The guy that came up with big win model
Turner 2006- More pathological gamblers won first time compared to social gamblers ( no harm)
-> Heirene et al (2022) found self report measures in gamblers to be generally inaccurate
T5) Addiction heirarchy
Lorrains et al 2011- 1/2 have substance addictions, most commonly alcohol
Tang et al 2020- 45% also have behavioural addictions most commonly BED, predicts higher PTSD
Kober et al 2015- CD and PG both demonstrate increased self report response to stimuli and activation in posterior insula
T6) Cognitive model- biases/ heuristics
Skinner ( 1948)- Superstitions in Pigeons due to variable reinforcement
Langer 75- illusion of control, familiarity, competition, choice, involvement
Newall (2015)- Accas create a low probability high reward situation in which the bet seems likely
Brevers et al 2013- Gamblers cant do iowa gambling task, similar to brain damaged individuals as emotional signals fuck up rational decision making
T7) Gambling harms
Van Baal et al 2024- Lived experience ‘Hope as a theme’
Skinner 1963- Rats running on a treadmill, variable reinforcement will have them run until they die
Dowling et al 2016- meta analysis found associations between gambling addictions and IPV
T8) Other behavioural addictions
Karhulahti et al 2022- treatment seekers struggle to find balance with other life compared to hobby gamers who fit it waround life commitment s
delfabbro et al 2021- Compared to gamvling the harms are not neqarly as severe e.g. neglecting exercise, prioritising online communications
De alarcon 2019- looks at porn addiction and found it can lead to erectile dysfunction, desensitastion, less satisfying sex lives, body image issues,
Schulte et al 2017- debate whether food is a behavioural/ substance addiction and thinks its a substance
Andrade and Newall 2023- crypto is very similar to gambling as it enables high frequency compulsive trading but its UNREGULATED and available to anyone onlien
T9) Professional gamblers/ gamblers experiencing harm
Sklansky (1999)- statistical expectation, ;ong term averages
Newall ( 2024)- professional/ succesful gamblers reduce their own emotionality
Browne (1989)- all about tilt
P10) Discussion points
Binde 2005- Cultural differences?
Lesiuer (1984)- overview of old theories victorian -> freudian -> illness -> public health issue
rose 1985- i frame/ s frame
barret 2010- supernormal stimuli
->
wardle et al 2024- digital age at a crossroads, will ai change online playing? algorithms creating even more addicting ways to gamble
