topics 3.8-3.9

Question 1

Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?
a. reduced birth rates
b. reduced need for sewage-treatment facilities
c. increased rates of population growth
d. increased air quality in urban areas
e. increased stabilization of microclimate in urban areas

Answer 1

a. reduced birth rates

Question 2

The current global human population is about 6.1 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 percent. If world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added?
a. 8x10^5
b. 8x10^6
c. 8x10^7
d. 8x10^8
e. 8x10^9

Answer 2

c. 8x10^7

Question 3

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is
a. 0.6%
b. 1.6%
c. 3%
d. 16%
e. 32%

Answer 3

b. 1.6%

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that Country A is a more developed country and that Country B is a less developed country?
a. population size
b. land area
c. infant mortality rate
d. net migration rate

Answer 4

c. infant mortality rate

Question 5

A country has a birth rate of 35/1,000 individuals and a death rate of 13/1,000 individuals. The death rate was 37/1,000 individuals in 1950, 28/1,000 individuals in 1970, and 21/1,000 individuals in 1990. Which of the following statements best explains why the country has a declining death rate?
a. The country is in stage 1 of the demographic transition, and infant mortality is high because of poor health services and high levels of poverty.
b. The country is in stage 2 of the demographic transition, and life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.
c. The country is in stage 3 of the demographic transition, and more women are entering the workforce and shifting to having children later in life.
d. The country is in stage 4 of the demographic transition, and the population growth rate is declining.

Answer 5

b. The country is in stage 2 of the demographic transition, and life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.

Question 6

In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4

Answer 6

a. Stage 1

Question 7

During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
e. after stage 4

Answer 7

b. Stage 2

Question 8

In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?
a. birth rate
b. death rate
c. average family size
d. life expectancy
e. level of education

Answer 8

B. death rate

Question 9

The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?
a. the end of phase I
b. the middle of phase II
c. the beginning of phase III
d. the end of phase III
e. the middle of phase IV

Answer 9

c. the beginning of phase III

Question 10

Zero population growth is associated with
a. phase I only
b. phase II only
c. phase III only
d. phase IV only
e. phases I and IV

Answer 10

e. phases I and IV

Question 11

A small developing country with negligible rates of immigration and emigration is going through a demographic change. Thirty years ago the crude birth rate was 44 per thousand per year and the crude death rate was 17 per thousand per year. Now the crude birth rate is 16 thousand per year and the crude death rate is 5 per thousand per year. Which of the following statements about the country now is most likely to be true?
a. the population is decreasing
b. the growth rate of the population is increasing
c. the country is at the preindustrial stage of the demographic transition
d. The country is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition.
e. The country is at the postindustrial stage of the demographic transition.

Answer 11

d. The country is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a country in stage 2 of the demographic transition, based on the model shown below?
a. Birth and death rates are both high, and the population is experiencing a slow rate of increase.
b. Birth and death rates are both low, and the population is stable.
c. Birth rates are high and death rates are declining, and the population is increasing rapidly.
d. Birth rates are low and death rates are high, and the population is declining rapidly.

Answer 12

c. Birth rates are high and death rates are declining, and the population is increasing rapidly.

Question 13

The supply of Earth’s fresh water is fixed and is being depleted at a rapid rate. Which of the following best describes the effects of a limited freshwater supply on human populations?
a. Disease transmission will decrease as access to water decreases, leading to improved public health.
b. Conservation measures will increase per capita water consumption, leading to an improved global economy.
c. Desalinization facilities will be used to process water stored in glaciers and snow packs, leading to new sources of drinking water.
d. World food production will decrease, leading to increased famine.

Answer 13

d. World food production will decrease, leading to increased famine.

Question 14

Which of the following annual population growth rates is paired with the correct doubling time?
a. 1%… 700 years
b. 2%… 35 years
c. 3.5%… 12 years
d. 5%… 350 months
e. 7%… 70 months

Answer 14

b. 2%… 35 years

Question 15

Which of the following describes the changes in a country’s demographics as it begins its transition from a preindustrial state to an industrial state?
a. Population increases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate increases
b. Population increases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate remains high
c. Population decreases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate decreases
d. Population decreases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate increases
e. Population increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decreases

Answer 15

e. Population increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decreases

Question 16

The increase in the size of Earth’s human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase?
a. New methods of agriculture and the identification of new food crops
b. The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine
c. Increased emigration/immigration and decreased warfare
d. New methods of birth control and decrease warfare
e. Increased education for women and the development of new pesticides

Answer 16

b. The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine

Question 17

Although the fertility rate for women in the United States has declined in recent years to a value below replacement level, the United States population is still increasing because of
a. lower average age at first marriage
b. lower infant death rates
c. increased longevity
d. improved health care
e. immigration

Answer 17

e. immigration

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the change in the carrying capacity of the human population if growth is limited by conditions set forth by the Malthusian theory?
a. The carrying capacity will increase, and the human population size will grow exponentially.
b. The carrying capacity will remain constant, and the human population size will stabilize.
c. The carrying capacity will remain constant, and the human population size will experience an overshoot.
d. The carrying capacity will decrease, and the human population size will experience a dieback.

Answer 18

d. The carrying capacity will decrease, and the human population size will experience a dieback.

Question 19

Which of the following pairs of statistics would most likely indicate the highest quality of life in a country?
a. High rate of teenage pregnancy and low gross domestic product
b. High life expectancy and low infant mortality
c. High crude birth rate and low literacy rate
d. High level of export and low social status of women
e. High emigration rate and low total fertility rate

Answer 19

b. High life expectancy and low infant mortality

Question 20

In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate?
a. Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.
b. Families had limited access to family planning and contraceptives.
c. There were lower infant mortality rates as a result of increased access to healthcare.
d. The country shifted to a more agricultural-based economy and the need for child labor decreased.

Answer 20

a. Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.

Question 21

Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely experiencing a population decline?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E

Answer 21

c. C

Question 22

Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely to have limited educational opportunities for women?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e.
e

Answer 22

a. A