topography of the brain

Question 1

what cranial nerves originate in the brainstem?

Answer 1

all except 1 and 2

Question 2

what are the functions of the brainstem?

Answer 2

pathway for fibre tracts running between higher and lower centres
brainstem centres produce the rigidly programmed automatic behaviours essential for survival

Question 3

what cranial nerves come off the medulla?

Answer 3

9,10,11,12

Question 4

what connects the medulla to the cerebellum?

Answer 4

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 5

how many cerebellar peduncles are there?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

what foramen does the medulla pass through to continue as the spinal cord?

Answer 6

foramen magnum

Question 7

where is the IV ventricle in relation to the pons?

Answer 7

posterior

Question 8

what cranial nerves originate from the pons?

Answer 8

V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 9

what are some surface features of the pons.

Answer 9

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 10

what does the midbrain develop from?

Answer 10

mesencephalon

Question 11

what is the central cavity of the midbrain?

Answer 11

cerebral aqueduct

Question 12

what are some surface features of the midbrain?

Answer 12

cerebral peduncle
superior cerebellar peduncle
corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculus)
origin of CN nerve 3 and 4

Question 13

what surrounds grey matter?

Answer 13

white matter with embedded nuclei

Question 14

what separates the hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 14

vermis

Question 15

what lobes are present in each hemisphere?

Answer 15

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular

Question 16

what connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Answer 16

cerebellar peduncles

Question 17

what is a sulci?

Answer 17

groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain

Question 18

what is a folium?

Answer 18

a wrinkle (gyrus) on the surface of the cerebellum

Question 19

what are the functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 19

posture maintenance

fine tuning motor activity

Question 20

what are three tests that can be used to try and help diagnose ataxia?

Answer 20

finger-nose test
knee - heel test
walking in a straight line

Question 21

where is the diencephalon located?

Answer 21

deep within the cerebral hemispheres around the third ventricle xd

Question 22

what does the diencephalon develop from?

Answer 22

diencephalic vesicle

Question 23

what are the paired structures of the diencephalon?

Answer 23

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus (pineal gland)

Question 24

what is the hypothalamus essential for?

Answer 24

homeostasis

Question 25

what are the roles of the hypothalmus?

Answer 25

``` autonomic control centre body temp regulation regulation of food intake regulation of water balance and thirst regulation of sleep wake cycle control of endocrine system functioning ```

Question 26

what blood vessels supply the brain?

Answer 26

internal carotid arteries | vertebral arteries

Question 27

what foramen do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull via?

Answer 27

foramen lacerum (carotid canal)

Question 28

what foramen do the vertebral arteries pass through to get to the brain?

Answer 28

foramen magnum

Question 29

what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 29

anterior cerebral middle cerebral posterior communicating

Question 30

what artery is formed by the joining of the vertebral arteries?

Answer 30

basilar artery

Question 31

where is the basilar artery located?

Answer 31

ventral surface of the brainstem

Question 32

where does the basilar artery end?

Answer 32

ends at the midbrain by dividing into the two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 33

what do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 33

posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 34

what is the circle of willis?

Answer 34

branches of the ICA join with those of the opposite side and with the PCA to form a continuous circle at the base of the brain

Question 35

what is the purpose of the circle of willis?

Answer 35

protective feature against vasoocclusion of large arteries

Question 36

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 36

medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres excluding occipital lobe

Question 37

what does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 37

lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Question 38

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply/

Answer 38

inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe

Question 39

where are the venous sinuses of the brain located?

Answer 39

between 2 layers of the dura mater

Question 40

where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?

Answer 40

internal jugular veins

Question 41

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 41

co ordinates movements